Fault activity and hydrocarbon accumulation significance of structural belt in northern Kuqa Depression
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摘要: 库车坳陷北部构造带断裂活动时间长且多期次叠加，对油气成藏作用产生重要影响。通过生长指数剖面法、典型剖面伸展(压缩)率法、构造平衡剖面法3种方法联合，研究了库车坳陷北部构造带断裂的发育特征、活动时期及其油气成藏意义。结果表明：库车坳陷北部构造带断裂主要发育早期逆冲断层、晚期逆冲断层和长期活动断层3种类型; 断裂活动时期有5期，分别为古近纪(E)、新近纪吉迪克组沉积期(N1j)、康村组沉积期(N1k)、库车组沉积期(N2k)、第四纪(Q)，其中N1j、N1k、N2k为断裂活动的关键时期; 断裂活动会导致克孜勒努尔组(J2kz)烃源岩沉积厚度变大，有利于构造、岩性等多类型圈闭的形成; 断裂活动期(N1j、N1k、N2k)与烃源岩的主生排烃期(E、N1j、N1k、N2k)匹配关系良好; 断裂活动有利于依南2和吐东2油气藏的生成和聚集，也会使依南4井和依深4井油气逸散，导致成藏保存条件被破坏。研究结果对分析该区油气藏成藏过程具有重要意义。Abstract: The tectonic belt in northern Kuqa Depression has a long period of fault activity and multi-stage superposition, which has an important influence on hydrocarbon accumulation.Through the combination of growth index profile method, typical profile elongation (or compression ratio) method and structural equilibrium profile method, the development characteristics, active periods and hydrocarbon accumulation significance of faults in the northern Kuqa Depression are studied.The results show that there are three types of faults in the northern Kuqa Depression: early thrust fault, late thrust fault and long-term active fault.There are five periods of fault activity, which are paleogene (E), Neogene Jidike Formation (N1j), Kangcun Formation (N1k), Kuqa Formation (N2k) and Quaternary (Q) respectively.N1j, N1k and N2k are the key periods of fault activity.The fault activity will lead to the thickening of the source rocks in the Kezilenuer Formation (J2kz), which is conducive to the formation of multiple types of structural and lithologic traps.The fault active periods (N1j, N1k, N2k) match well with the main hydrocarbon generation and expulsion periods (E, N1j, N1k, N2k) of source rocks.The fault activity is beneficial to the formation and accumulation of oil and gas reservoir Yinan 2 and Tundong 2, but it also lead to the escape of oil and gas escape from Yinan 4 and Yishen 4 Wells, resulting in the destruction of reservoir forming and preservation conditions.The fingdings are of great significance to the analysis of hydrocarbon accumulation process in this area.
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图 2 库车坳陷北部构造带地层综合柱状图(据文献[12]修改)
Figure 2. Comprehensive column chart of strata in northern Kuqa Depression
图 3 库车坳陷北部构造带断裂系统及类型划分(剖面位置在图 1中AB剖面)
Figure 3. Fault system and classification of tectonic belts in northern Kuqa Depression
图 4 库车坳陷北部不同构造带断裂生长指数剖面
(a) (b) (c)分别为依奇克里克构造带、吐格尔明构造带、巴什构造带断裂生长指数剖面图; (d)(e)(f)(g)分别为图 1中CD、HI、AB、EF剖面，其中断裂编号分别对应(a)(b)(c)图中的断裂编号
Figure 4. Fracture growth index profiles of different tectonic belts in northern Kuqa Depression
图 5 库车北部构造带典型地质剖面各时期伸展(压缩)率
注：正为伸展率，负为压缩率
Figure 5. Extension (compression) rate of typical geological profile in northern Kuqa tectonic belt in each period
图 7 库车北部构造带断裂活动时期综合判定
Figure 7. Comprehensive judgment of fault activity period of northern Kuqa structural belt
图 9 库车坳陷北部构造带断裂活动时期与三叠系- 侏罗系大量生烃时期匹配关系(据付广等[46]修改)
Figure 9. Matching relationship between fault active periods and large amount of hydrocarbon generation periods of Triassic-Jurassic in the northern structural belt of Kuqa Depression
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