The influence of receptor interval and shot interval on the detection of collapse column
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摘要: 本文以陷落柱的地质特征以及陷落柱地震波传播特征为基础构建陷落柱模型，采用声波方程基于单因素变化分别模拟不同的道间距和炮间距对陷落柱探测的影响，利用偏移剖面反射波振幅变化并结合地震属性分析与人工解释进行陷落柱断裂边界解释，以陷落柱横向分辨率的平均偏差为指标来判断探测精度，并对陷落柱直径解释误差采用射线追踪的方法进行了分析。结果表明，小道间距有助于提高陷落柱勘探分辨率，道间距为5 m、炮间距为40 m时，解释得出的陷落柱直径的精度相对较高。Abstract: Based on the geological characteristics and the seismic wave propagation characteristics of the collapse column, a collapse column model is constructed. Considering the change of single factor variation and the acoustic equation used to simulate the effect of different receptor interval and shot interval on the collapse column. Interpretation of the collapsed column fracture boundary is carried out by using the reflected wave amplitude changes of the offset profile and combined with seismic attribute analysis and manual interpretation. The detection accuracy is judged by the average deviation of the horizontal resolution of the collapsed column as an index. And the interpretation error of the diameter of the collapsed column is analyzed by ray tracing method. The results show, that the small receptor spacing is beneficial to the exploration of the collapse column, and when the receptor interval is 5 meters and the shot interval is 40 meters, it is favorable to the exploration of the collapse column model.
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Key words:
- collapse column /
- forward simulation /
- seismic exploration /
- receptor interval /
- shot interval /
- attribute analysis /
- ray tracing
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图 1 不同剖面陷落柱地震响应特征
Figure 1. Seismic response characteristics of collapse columns in different sections
图 3 道间距为5 m陷落柱解释
Figure 3. Explanation diagram of collapse column with track spacing of 5 m
图 4 道间距为10 m陷落柱解释
Figure 4. Explanation diagram of collapse column with track spacing of 10 m
图 5 道间距为15 m陷落柱解释
Figure 5. Explanation diagram of collapse column with track spacing of 15 m
图 6 道间距为20 m陷落柱解释
Figure 6. Explanation diagram of collapse column with track spacing of 20 m
图 7 炮间距为10 m陷落柱解释
Figure 7. Explanation diagram of collapse column with shot spacing of 10 m
图 8 炮间距为20 m陷落柱解释
Figure 8. Explanation diagram of collapse column with shot spacing of 20 m
图 9 炮间距为30 m陷落柱解释
Figure 9. Explanation diagram of collapse column with shot spacing of 30 m
图 10 炮间距为40 m陷落柱解释
Figure 10. Explanation diagram of collapse column with shot spacing of 40 m
图 11 炮间距为50 m陷落柱解释
Figure 11. Explanation diagram of collapse column with shot spacing of 50 m
表 1 地质背景参数表
Table 1. Geological background parameters
序号 纵波速度/(m·s-1) 横波速度/(m·s-1) 密度/(g·cm-3) 厚度/m 岩性 1 3 400 1 962 2.26 400 砂岩 2 2 200 1 270 2.00 10 煤层 3 3 800 2 194 2.32 390 灰岩 
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表 2 陷落柱探测精度分析
Table 2. Precision analysis of the collapse column
道间距/m 振幅不大于正常煤层反射波振幅的一半解释陷落柱的边界 振幅变弱点解释陷落柱的边界 属性解释陷落柱边界 平均偏差 解释直径/m 绝对误差 相对误差 解释直径/m 绝对误差 相对误差 解释直径/m 绝对误差 相对误差 5 110 10 0.10 120 20 0.20 98 -2 -0.02 10.67 10 120 20 0.20 120 20 0.20 97 -3 -0.03 14.33 15 130 30 0.30 135 35 0.35 95 -5 -0.05 23.33 20 140 40 0.40 140 40 0.40 89 -11 -0.11 30.33
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表 3 陷落柱探测精度分析
Table 3. Precision analysis of the collapse column
炮间距/m 振幅不大于正常煤层反射波振幅的一半解释陷落柱的边界 振幅变弱点解释陷落柱的边界 属性解释陷落柱边界 平均偏差 解释直径/m 绝对误差 相对误差 解释直径/m 绝对误差 相对误差 解释直径/m 绝对误差 相对误差 10 110 10 0.10 120 20 0.20 94 -6 -0.06 12.00 20 110 10 0.10 120 20 0.20 98 -2 -0.02 10.67 30 115 15 0.15 130 30 0.30 110 10 0.10 18.33 40 100 0 0 115 15 0.15 104 4 0.04 6.33 50 140 40 0.40 165 65 0.65 120 20 0.20 41.67
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