融合事故文本与应急预案信息的煤矿应急辅助决策模型研究

Study on a decision support model for coal-mine emergency management integrating accident reports and emergency response plans

  • 摘要: 煤矿突发事故具有高风险性、复杂性与突发性,基于规则或单一模型的传统应急响应方法在实际应用中难以实现快速、准确的决策支持。针对现有方法在语义理解、流程协同和结构化输出方面的不足,提出融合事故文本与应急预案信息的应急管理辅助决策模型,构建基于LLaMA大模型的多任务微调框架(LLaMA-MT),以提升应急管理全流程的智能化水平。通过双模态信息建模,将事故描述与匹配应急预案进行语义融合,实现对“应急响应—事态控制—应急恢复”全过程的结构化文本生成,显著提升模型在应急管理场景下的专业适应性和结构控制能力。研究结果表明:LLaMA-MT的BLEU指标提升至42.3,ROUGE-L指标达到55.6,BERTScore指标为0.802,在自动评价指标中均显著优于GPT-4和DeepSeek等主流模型。虚拟案例验证进一步说明,LLaMA-MT能够按应急流程自动构建包含响应级别、指挥体系、现场处置、设备调配及恢复措施的结构化方案,能够有效支持应急管理实战化需求。

     

    Abstract: Coal mine emergencies are characterized by high risk, complexity, and sudden occurrence, which makes it difficult for traditional rule-based or single-model approaches to provide rapid and accurate decision support. Existing methods also face limitations in semantic understanding, process coordination, and structured output. To address these issues, this study proposes an intelligent emergency management decision-support model that integrates accident reports and emergency response plans.A large-language-model-based multi-task fine-tuning framework, referred to as LLaMA-MT, is developed based on the LLaMA model to enhance intelligence throughout the emergency management process. Through dual-modal semantic modeling, accident descriptions are aligned and fused with relevant emergency plan content, enabling structured text generation across the full emergency lifecycle, including response, situation control, and recovery. This framework improves the model's domain adaptability and its ability to generate well-structured emergency decision outputs.Experimental results show that LLaMA-MT achieves a BLEU score of 42.3, a ROUGE-L score of 55.6, and a BERTScore of 0.802, demonstrating competitive performance compared with mainstream large language models. Further validation using virtual cases shows that LLaMA-MT can automatically generate structured emergency plans aligned with standard procedures, effectively supporting practical emergency management needs.

     

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