基于WT-U-Net网络与地震图像的断层识别方法

Fault identification method based on WT-U-Net network and seismic images

  • 摘要: 断层预测对煤矿安全生产至关重要,传统机器学习方法在断层特征不明显时预测精度不佳,为提高解释精度,提出融合小波变换(WT)和U-Net的WT-U-Net模型。首先,从叠后地震数据中提取方差等与断层相关的属性集合,通过相关性分析确定4种互相关性低的地震属性;其次,对比不同小波基函数对地震数据的分解重构误差与能量差异,选择适合识别断层的coif3母小波,通过小波变换突出断层响应特征;最后,构建U-Net模型进行研究区断层预测。结果表明:采用实际数据测试时,WT-U-Net模型相较于U-Net模型表现出了更高的预测精度,其预测结果更接近人工解释、收敛性更强;对于其他区域的盲测,WT-U-Net模型也表现出了稳定性与泛化能力;通过小波变换对地震数据进行去噪处理,提高了断层数据的信号响应,提升了模型的预测精度。研究结果为煤矿断层智能识别提供了新方法。

     

    Abstract: Fault prediction is critical for safe coal mine production. Traditional machine learning methods suffer from poor prediction accuracy when fault features are subtle. This study therefore proposes a WT-U-Net model by combining wavelet transform (WT) with U-Net to improve interpretation accuracy. Fault-related attributes were extracted from post-stack seismic data, where four attributes with low mutual dependence were identified through correlation analysis. The decomposition-reconstruction errors and energy differences of different wavelet basis functions applied to seismic data were then compared. The coif3 mother wavelet was selected for fault detection as its wavelet transform amplified fault-related signatures. The U-Net model was constructed to predict faults in the study area. Results demonstrate that the WT-U-Net model showed higher prediction accuracy than UNet alone on real datasets, with outputs more consistent with manual interpretations and improved convergence. The model also exhibited robustness and generalization in blind tests across other regions. The application of wavelet transform in seismic data denoising enhances fault-related signals, thereby increasing the model's accuracy. This study offers a new solution for intelligent fault identification in coal mining applications.

     

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