Abstract: In order to overcome the bottleneck of floor heave and low efficiency of traditional control technology for roadways in argillaceous soft rock in westen China, this paper takes the belt conveyor roadway of the working face 1310 in Dananhu No.1 Mine as the engineering background, and explores the damage and deformation mechanism and rapid control technology of roadway floor in argillaceous soft rock by means of theoretical analysis, laboratory test, numerical simulation and industrial test. A rapid floor treatment scheme combining bottom angle anchor cable reinforcement + reserved groove pressure relief + floor concrete pouring is proposed. A composite concrete material with high strength and fast hardening characteristics was developed, which can overcome the defects of complex process and slow hardening rate of traditional concrete. The results show that the main factors restricting the tunneling speed are the low strength of the floor, the simple supporting structure, well-developed cracks, the roof dripping water and the failure and instability of the roadway floor due to repeated heavy vehicle loading. The reserved slot width has a critical size effect. When the reserved slot width is 1.0 m, the deformation of the roadway floor is the smallest and the pressure relief effect is the best. The industrial field test indicated that, after the floor rapid control technology scheme was adopted, the deformation of the roadway floor was less than 125 mm. Compared with the original control scheme, the maximum deformation of the floor was reduced by 57.7%, which verified the effectiveness of the proposed scheme. The research results enrich the technical system of floor control for roadways in argillaceous soft rock.