Abstract: In blasting design, blasting parameters poorly match the actual blast area, while manual adjustments result in low efficiency and suboptimal borehole layout. This study therefore proposes a borehole layout optimization algorithm based on the minimum unit of the initiation network. This algorithm determines the optimal borehole spacing and density coefficients through 3D numerical simulation of bench blasting. It combines hole-by-hole initiation layout and uses virtual borehole positioning and the Lloyd algorithm for automated placement and adjustment of borehole positions. This achieves both overall normative design and localized adaptive adjustments of the initiation network in the blast area. Experimental results show that the algorithm enabled rapid and reasonable design of borehole positions in irregular blast areas with fewer iterative optimizations. Additionally, the overall borehole distribution remained uniform during boundary adaptation, with the variation coefficient of the borehole area controlled at a low level. The optimized design and precise execution of the algorithm significantly improve the rationality and adaptability of the blasting layout, while enhancing its operational efficiency.