Research on carbon emission reduction pathways for coal production enterprises to meet the "dual carbon" targets
-
摘要:
当前“双碳”大环境下，煤炭生产企业急需改变行业碳排放量较高的现状。从煤炭产品特点、开采流程、涉排类型等视角，分析了煤炭生产企业的碳减排潜力。在煤炭生产装备方面，提出了应用先进清洁技术、升级改造生产设备、实施能效管理策略等技术发展路径；在煤炭生产技术方面，从煤炭的勘探、采掘、洗选、监测四方面给出了具体的技术升级路线；在物流与人员管理方面，针对碳排放高的原因，提出更新新能源车辆、应用智慧平台进行物流管理，对于矿区人员生活办公则提出更新用能设备的降碳路径；在企业碳排放捕集封存技术方面，则从煤炭采掘、洗选过程碳捕集技术、煤与瓦斯共采碳捕集技术、碳封存方式四方面提出企业技术发展建议。全面构建煤炭生产企业的碳减排技术路径，帮助行业尽早达峰，尽快中和。
Abstract:Coal production enterprises at present are facing immediate urgency to reduce their high carbon emissions so as to meet the "dual carbon" targets. This study therefore analyzed their potential in carbon emission reduction from the perspective of their coal products, mining processes and emission types. Specifically, this study proposed pathways for 1)upgrading coal production equipments, including the application of advanced clean technologies, upgrading and retrofitting production equipments, and implementing energy efficiency management strategies; 2)technology updates for coal exploration, mining, beneficiation and monitoring; 3)upgrading new energy vehicles and intelligent platforms for logistics management, and improving energy-consuming equipments for personnel in mining areas, all targeting at the major factors causing high carbon emissions; 4)upgrading coal and gas co-capture technologies and carbon sequestration methods during coal mining and beneficiation processes, based on which specific suggestions are offered for coal production enterprises. A comprehensive pathway for carbon emission reduction is thus constructed for coal production enterprises to achieve carbon peak and carbon neutrality.
-
图 5 煤炭生产过程碳减排路径
Figure 5. Carbon emission reduction pathways in coal production process
图 8 煤炭生产企业碳捕集技术原理
Figure 8. Mechanism of carbon capture technology by coal production enterprises
表 1 煤炭生产企业碳排放量及分析
Table 1. Analysis on carbon emissions of coal production enterprises
涉排环节 碳排放分析 碳排放量 开采 ①伴随煤炭开采产生的气体二氧化碳、甲烷等产生的碳排放；
②能源原煤、柴油、汽油以及电和水的使用产生的碳排放，其中对原煤、柴油、汽油的消耗为直接碳排放源，电能和水资源的使用是间接碳排放源2021年我国煤炭开采过程碳排放总量大致为230 Mt[10]，可视为开采环节的碳排放潜力 洗选 洗选环节碳排放主要发生在选煤厂的粉筛破碎、入洗分选、煤泥回收、浮精/尾煤回收、介质回收、产品脱水/干燥、产品运输、设备维护等主要用能单元在运行时产生的碳排放 研究采用吨煤电耗碳排放强度24.9 kg/t[11]、以2021年1—10月公开大型企业选煤总量，核算得出2021年全国选煤环节碳排放21.911Mt二氧化碳 运输 煤炭生产与消费具有地理空间异质性，依靠铁路、公路、水路等运输环节实现调配，不可避免地消耗油气等，产生碳排放 根据发改委《煤炭行业年度发展报告》中的煤炭运输量，与《中国煤炭工业年鉴》中煤炭总调运量，核算2021年该环节碳排放量4.17 Mt[12] 生活办公 生活和办公设施所消耗的电能，以及冬季供暖所消耗的煤炭等产生的碳排放 根据《国际能源管理体系标准(ISO50001)》中的换算规则，按照生活、办公区域每日消耗100度电换算，核算该环节单矿区一年的碳排放量约为30 t二氧化碳，按照2022年全国大型露天煤矿357处计算，核算得该环节排放10 710 t二氧化碳 非可控 矿区非受控自燃现象产生碳排放(煤层自燃、煤层气自燃、煤矸石自燃) 根据中国矿业大学的统计数据，每年燃烧的煤炭数量约为13 Mt；根据IPCC列出的碳排放系数清单，测算出大致的碳排放量为37.18 Mt二氧化碳，可视为该环节的减碳潜力 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 煤炭生产设备减碳技术升级路径
Table 2. Carbon reduction pathways for coal production equipments
生产环节 生产装备 碳排放分析 减排路径 煤炭开采 采煤机，转载机，破碎机，乳化液泵站，凿岩机，掘进机，装载机，刨煤机等[14-16] 主要碳排放来自设备的电能、油品消耗排放及生产用水带来的碳排放，即排放源为原煤、电能、油品等 更新和改造生产装备，提高运行效率。例如，通过引入新型节能煤炭采掘设备减少能源消耗和碳排放；通过实施能效管理策略，如合理安排设备运行时间、优化设备运行参数等，减少碳排放 煤炭洗选 筛分机，破碎机，分选机，脱水机，运输机等[17] 主要碳排放来自生产过程中电能、油品等的消耗 在洗选设备中引入清洁能源技术，如太阳能、风能等，减少对电能的依赖，减少碳排放；
采用高效节能的洗选设备，如高效煤炭洗选设备、节能干燥设备等，降低单位产品碳排放矿井运输 推土机，输送机，平板车，翻车机，卸车机，轨道衡，皮带秤等[18-19] 使用燃油、柴油或煤炭作为动力，产生CO2和其他气体的直接排放；使用电力提供动力，产生的间接碳排放 更新矿井智能用电设备；
实施能效管理策略，使用节能设施，合理安排设备运行矿井辅助设备 通风机，排水机，空压机，提升系统等[20] 使用燃油、柴油或天然气等作为燃料提供动力，产生CO2和其他气体的碳排放；维持设备的运转消耗电能，产生的间接碳排放 采用高效节能的矿井辅助设备，如高效通风设备、节能抽放设备等提高能源利用效率，降低单位产品碳排放；
更新智能节能设备，如智能矿井检测系统，提高设备利用效率
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 谭显春, 郭雯, 樊杰, 等. 碳达峰、碳中和政策框架与技术创新政策研究[J]. 中国科学院院刊, 2022, 37(4): 435-443. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYYX202204003.htmTAN Xianchun, GUO Wen, FAN Jie, et al. Policy framework and technology innovation policy of carbon peak and carbon neutrality[J]. Bulletin of Chinese Academy of Sciences, 2022, 37(4): 435-443. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KYYX202204003.htm [2] 康红普, 王国法, 王双明, 等. 煤炭行业高质量发展研究[J]. 中国工程科学, 2021, 23(5): 130-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202105017.htmKANG Hongpu, WANG Guofa, WANG Shuangming, et al. High-quality development of China's coal industry[J]. Strategic Study of CAE, 2021, 23(5): 130-138. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GCKX202105017.htm [3] WANG B, CUI C Q, ZHAO Y X, et al. Carbon emissions accounting for China's coal mining sector: invisible sources of climate change[J]. Natural Hazards, 2019, 99(3): 1345-1364. doi: 10.1007/s11069-018-3526-2 [4] 王猛, 马如英, 代旭光, 等. 煤矿区碳排放的确认和低碳绿色发展途径研究[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2021, 49(5): 63-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MDKT202105007.htmWANG Meng, MA Ruying, DAI Xuguang, et al. Confirmation of carbon emissions in coal mining areas and research on low-carbon green development path[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2021, 49(5): 63-69. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MDKT202105007.htm [5] ZHONG C, DONG F L, GENG Y, et al. Toward carbon neutrality: the transition of the coal industrial chain in China[J]. Frontiers in Environmental Science, 2022, 10: 962257. doi: 10.3389/fenvs.2022.962257 [6] 贾秋胜. 煤矿企业节能减排动力机制及体系构建研究[J]. 煤炭技术, 2020, 39(3): 202-204. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS202003060.htmJIA Qiusheng. Coal mining enterprises to build dynamic mechanism and system energy saving emission reduction[J]. Coal Technology, 2020, 39(3): 202-204. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS202003060.htm [7] 高俊莲, 徐向阳, 郑凤琴, 等. 基于全生命周期的煤炭碳排放清单计算与不确定性分析[J]. 中国煤炭, 2017, 43(6): 22-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME201706006.htmGAO Junlian, XU Xiangyang, ZHENG Fengqin, et al. Coal carbon emission inventory calculation and uncertainties analysis based on lifecycle analysis[J]. China Coal, 2017, 43(6): 22-26. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME201706006.htm [8] HASSAN A S. Modeling the linkage between coal mining and ecological footprint in South Africa: does technological innovation matter?[J]. Mineral Economics, 2023, 36(1): 123-138. doi: 10.1007/s13563-022-00330-6 [9] WANG B, PAN S Y, KE R Y, et al. An overview of climate change vulnerability: a bibliometric analysis based on Web of Science database[J]. Natural Hazards, 2014, 74(3): 1649-1666. doi: 10.1007/s11069-014-1260-y [10] 卞正富, 伍小杰, 周跃进, 等. 煤炭零碳开采技术[J]. 煤炭学报, 2023, 48(7): 2613-2625. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202307002.htmBIAN Zhengfu, WU Xiaojie, ZHOU Yuejin, et al. Coal mining technology with net zero carbon emission[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2023, 48(7): 2613-2625. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202307002.htm [11] 任世华, 谢亚辰, 焦小淼, 等. 煤炭开发过程碳排放特征及碳中和发展的技术途径[J]. 工程科学与技术, 2022, 54(1): 60-68. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCLH202201006.htmREN Shihua, XIE Yachen, JIAO Xiaomiao, et al. Characteristics of carbon emissions during coal development and technical approaches for carbon neutral development[J]. Advanced Engineering Sciences, 2022, 54(1): 60-68. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SCLH202201006.htm [12] 陈浮, 王思遥, 于昊辰, 等. 碳中和目标下煤炭变革的技术路径[J]. 煤炭学报, 2022, 47(4): 1452-1461. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202204004.htmCHEN Fu, WANG Siyao, YU Haochen, et al. Technological innovation paths of coal industry for achieving carbon neutralization[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2022, 47(4): 1452-1461. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202204004.htm [13] 葛世荣, 刘洪涛, 刘金龙, 等. 我国煤矿生产能耗现状分析及节能思路[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2018, 47(1): 9-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGKD201801002.htmGE Shirong, LIU Hongtao, LIU Jinlong, et al. Energy consumption analysis and energy saving strategies for coal mine production in China[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2018, 47(1): 9-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGKD201801002.htm [14] 武雁伟. 煤矿开采机械装备及自动化技术[J]. 中国石油和化工标准与质量, 2019, 39(10): 225-226. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4076.2019.10.109WU Yanwei. Coal mining machinery and equipment and automation technology[J]. China Petroleum and Chemical Standard and Quality, 2019, 39(10): 225-226. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1673-4076.2019.10.109 [15] 段笑蔚. 矿井主要机电设备能耗分析及节能措施研究[J]. 自动化应用, 2020(10): 57-58, 64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDHT202010021.htmDUAN Xiaowei. Energy consumption analysis and energy-saving measures of main electromechanical equipment in the mine[J]. Automation Application, 2020(10): 57-58, 64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZDHT202010021.htm [16] 马啸, 柳瑞. 煤炭机电设备的安装与管理[J]. 冶金管理, 2023(11): 1-3. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJGL202311001.htmMA Xiao, LIU Rui. Installation and management of coal electromechanical equipment[J]. China Steel Focus, 2023(11): 1-3. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJGL202311001.htm [17] 田宏彬. 大数据背景下煤炭洗选设备运行数据监测系统设计[J]. 煤炭加工与综合利用, 2023(3): 15-18, 22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJG202303004.htmTIAN Hongbin. Design of coal washing equipment operation data monitoring system under the background of big data[J]. Coal Processing & Comprehensive Utilization, 2023(3): 15-18, 22. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJG202303004.htm [18] 李雲. 煤矿井下工作面运输装备的现状及发展前景分析[J]. 矿业装备, 2020(3): 176-177. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1418.2020.03.085LI Yun. Analysis on the present situation and development prospect of transportation equipment in coal mine underground working face[J]. Mining Equipment, 2020(3): 176-177. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.2095-1418.2020.03.085 [19] 杨金星. 煤矿井下运输方式及设备选型技术研究[J]. 山东煤炭科技, 2021, 39(8): 152-153, 166. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2801.2021.08.054YANG Jinxing. Research on underground transportation mode and equipment selection technology in coal mine[J]. Shandong Coal Science and Technology, 2021, 39(8): 152-153, 166. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1005-2801.2021.08.054 [20] 王建皓. 矿井辅助运输系统改造与实践[J]. 内蒙古煤炭经济, 2022(14): 127-129. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0155.2022.14.043WANG Jianhao. Reconstruction and practice of mine auxiliary transportation system[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy, 2022(14): 127-129. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0155.2022.14.043 [21] 潘海洋. 煤炭地质勘探关键技术研究[J]. 中国煤炭地质, 2022, 34(12): 42-45, 53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2022.12.06PAN Haiyang. Research of key technologies for coal geological prospecting[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2022, 34(12): 42-45, 53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2022.12.06 [22] 彭启丙. 煤炭地质勘探关键技术分析[J]. 中国高新科技, 2023(9): 122-124. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXKE202309044.htmPENG Qibing. Key technical analysis of coal geological exploration[J]. China High-Tech, 2023(9): 122-124. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-GXKE202309044.htm [23] 许家林. 煤矿绿色开采20年研究及进展[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2020, 48(9): 1-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ202009001.htmXU Jialin. Research and progress of coal mine green mining in 20 years[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2020, 48(9): 1-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ202009001.htm [24] 谢和平, 高峰, 鞠杨, 等. 深地煤炭资源流态化开采理论与技术构想[J]. 煤炭学报, 2017, 42(3): 547-556. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201703001.htmXIE Heping, GAO Feng, JU Yang, et al. Theoretical and technological conception of the fluidization mining for deep coal resources[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2017, 42(3): 547-556. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201703001.htm [25] 程宏志. 碳达峰碳中和战略目标下选煤技术发展的思考[J]. 选煤技术, 2022, 50(5): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XMJS202205001.htmCHENG Hongzhi. Thoughts on the development of coal preparation technology under the scenario of reaching a peak in carbon emissions and achieving carbon neutrality[J]. Coal Preparation Technology, 2022, 50(5): 1-6. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XMJS202205001.htm [26] 刘淑琴, 畅志兵, 刘金昌. 深部煤炭原位气化开采关键技术及发展前景[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2021, 6(3): 261-270. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.002LIU Shuqin, CHANG Zhibing, LIU Jinchang. Key technologies and prospect for in situ gasification mining of deep coal resources[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 6(3): 261-270. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.002 [27] 祖秉辉, 李长松. "双碳" 战略下煤炭公路运输智能化方案研究[J]. 中国煤炭, 2023, 49(5): 30-34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME202305004.htmZU Binghui, LI Changsong. Research on intelligent solution of coal road transportation under the carbon peak and carbon neutrality strategies[J]. China Coal, 2023, 49(5): 30-34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME202305004.htm [28] 桑树勋, 王冉, 周效志, 等. 论煤地质学与碳中和[J]. 煤田地质与勘探, 2021, 49(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MDKT202101001.htmSANG Shuxun, WANG Ran, ZHOU Xiaozhi, et al. Review on carbon neutralization associated with coal geology[J]. Coal Geology & Exploration, 2021, 49(1): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MDKT202101001.htm [29] 郝永超. 二氧化碳捕集与封存的研究[J]. 煤炭与化工, 2015, 38(1): 68-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HHGZ201501020.htmHAO Yongchao. Carbon dioxide capture and storage research[J]. Coal and Chemical Industry, 2015, 38(1): 68-70. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HHGZ201501020.htm [30] AYDIN G, KARAKURT I, AYDINER K. Evaluation of geologic storage options of CO2: applicability, cost, storage capacity and safety[J]. Energy Policy, 2010, 38(9): 5072-5080. [31] 周新媛, 唐国强, 赵连增, 等. 二氧化碳封存现状及经济性初探[J]. 油气与新能源, 2022, 34(6): 20-28, 49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYGH202206003.htmZHOU Xinyuan, TANG Guoqiang, ZHAO Lianzeng, et al. Reality and economical analysis of carbon dioxide storage[J]. Petroleum and New Energy, 2022, 34(6): 20-28, 49. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYGH202206003.htm [32] 赵改善. 二氧化碳地质封存地球物理监测: 现状、挑战与未来发展[J]. 石油物探, 2023, 62(2): 194-211. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT202302002.htmZHAO Gaishan. Geophysical monitoring for geological carbon sequestration: present status, challenges, and future development[J]. Geophysical Prospecting for Petroleum, 2023, 62(2): 194-211. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SYWT202302002.htm [33] 蒋曙鸿, 师素珍, 赵康, 等. 深部煤及煤层气勘探前景及发展方向[J]. 科技导报, 2023, 41(7): 106-113. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJDB202307011.htmJIANG Shuhong, SHI Suzhen, ZHAO Kang, et al. Prospect and development direction of deep coal and coalbed methane exploration[J]. Science & Technology Review, 2023, 41(7): 106-113. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJDB202307011.htm [34] 杨学萍. 碳中和背景下现代煤化工技术路径探索[J]. 化工进展, 2022, 41(7): 3402-3412. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGJZ202207002.htmYANG Xueping. Exploration on technical path of modern coal chemical industry under the background of carbon neutralization[J]. Chemical Industry and Engineering Progress, 2022, 41(7): 3402-3412. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGJZ202207002.htm -
点击查看大图
图(8) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 51
- HTML全文浏览量: 5
- PDF下载量: 13
- 被引次数: 0