Experimental study on adhesive and sealing performance of fire protection spray materials
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摘要:
为改善煤矿井下巷道喷涂防灭火材料黏附性差，易开裂、易脱落及封堵效果差等问题，研制了一种以粉煤灰为骨料，普通硅酸盐水泥、硫铝酸盐水泥和石膏为基料，可再分散乳胶粉(VAE)为外加剂的防灭火喷涂材料。通过单轴抗压强度实验、煤岩多相多场真三轴动态渗流实验以及扫描电镜实验等，研究了VAE对喷涂材料的黏附性能、胶结性能、力学性能、封堵性能的影响。结果表明，加入VAE可以促进水化产物中丝状黏结桥的形成，实现黏结桥与水化产物的铆接、桥连，构成一个致密的网络结构。这不仅可以提升喷涂材料的抗开裂能力，同时增强了材料与煤结合后的黏附性能、胶结性能以及封堵性能。加入1 % VAE的喷涂材料能够充分包裹住煤体，在煤体表面形成致密的涂层，有效隔绝空气与煤体接触，从而预防煤自燃，研发的材料对防治巷道顶部煤自燃具有一定作用。
Abstract:Sprayed fireproofing materials in underground coal mine roadways are limited due to their poor adhesion, easy-to-crack, easy-to-fall off and poor sealing effect. This study therefore develops a fireproofing spraying material with fly ash as aggregate, ordinary silicate cement, sulphur-aluminate cement and gypsum as base material, and re-dispersible latex powder(VAE)as additive. Specifically, we conducted the uniaxial compressive strength test and used coal rock multiphase multi-field triaxial dynamic seepage experimental system, and scanning electron microscopy to study the effects of dispersible latex powder on the adhesive, cementation, mechanical, and blocking properties of the spray material. The results show that adding dispersible latex powder could promote the formation of filamentary bonding bridges in the hydration product, and realize the riveting and bridging of the binder bridges with the hydration products to form a dense network structure. This improves the cracking resistance of the spray material and enhances the material's adhesion, sealing and cementing properties when combined with coal. Adding 1 % VAE spraying material can fully encapsulate the coal body, forming a dense coating on the surface of the coal body, effectively isolating the air from contact with the coal body, thus preventing spontaneous combustion of coal. The proposed materials are useful in preventing spontaneous combustion of coal at the top of the roadway.
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图 4 喷涂材料与不同块径煤胶结后的抗压强度
Figure 4. Compressive strength of sprayed material cemented with coal of different grain sizes
图 5 VAE对喷涂材料力学性能的影响
Figure 5. Effect of VAE content on the mechanical properties of spraying materials
图 6 VAE掺量对喷涂材料压折比的影响
Figure 6. The influence of VAE content on the compression ratio of spray materials
图 7 不同块径胶结体的渗透率随氮气注入压力的变化
Figure 7. The variation of permeability of cementitious materials with nitrogen injection pressure
图 8 试样水化24 h的微观形貌
Figure 8. Microscopic morphology of the sample after 24 hours of hydration
表 1 水泥、石膏和粉煤灰的化学成分
Table 1. Chemical composition of cement, gypsum, and fly ash
原料 质量分数/% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 CaO MgO SO3 Cl- TiO2 Loss OPC 24.99 8.26 4.03 51.42 3.71 2.51 0.043 — 3.31 SAC 7.23 18.6 4.3 45.3 1.35 12.5 — 0.87 10.05 DG 1.67 0.62 0.44 39.02 — 53.95 — — — FA 45.1 24.2 0.85 5.6 — 2.1 0.015 — — 
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表 2 防灭火材料配合比
Table 2. Mix proportions of fire prevention and extinguishing materials
% 材料 OPC SAC DG FA SP 掺量质量分数 49.71 33.14 6.63 10.35 0.17
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