Research on the inhibitory characteristics of new polymer dust suppressants on lithological particles
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摘要:
为减轻综掘工作面粉尘逸散对巷道环境的污染以及人员、设备造成的损伤，以济宁市金桥煤矿西翼轨道巷为工程背景，以可吸入粉尘为研究对象，研发一种以表面活性剂为关键骨架、以无机盐和高分子黏附剂为辅助材料的强润湿性、强黏结性的环保型化学抑尘剂。现场验证结果表明，该抑尘剂对于岩性颗粒物具有较好的捕捉能力，能有效降低巷道内可吸入粉尘浓度。
Abstract:To reduce the pollution of the roadway environment and the damage caused by the personnel and equipment by the dust escaping from the fully mechanized driving face, a chemical and environmentally friendly dust suppressant with strong wettability and strong adhesion was developed based on the engineering background of the west-wing track roadway of Jining Jinqiao coal mine, and inhalable dust as the research object, with surfactants as the key skeleton and inorganic salts and polymer adhesives as auxiliary materials.The results of field verification show that the chemical dust suppressant has a better ability to lithological particles and can effectively reduce the concentration of respirable dust in the roadway.
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图 2 不同种类表面活性剂不同质量浓度下的表面张力
Figure 2. Surface tension of different types of surfactants at different mass concentrations
图 3 不同种类表面活性剂不同质量浓度下的接触角
Figure 3. Contact angles of different types of surfactants at different mass concentrations
图 4 不同配比化学抑尘剂降尘率随时间变化规律
Figure 4. Time dependent variation of dust reduction rate of chemical dust suppressants with different ratios
图 5 不同配比化学抑尘剂失水率变化规律
Figure 5. Changes in water loss rate of chemical dust suppressants with different ratios
图 6 掘进工作面巷道内粉尘污染前后对比
Figure 6. Comparison of dust pollution before and after excavation in the full digging work face
图 9 实施化学抑尘剂后巷道内部粉尘浓度变化规律
Figure 9. Change pattern of dust concentration inside the tunnel after implementing chemical dust suppressants
表 1 高分子化学抑尘剂配比试验方案
Table 1. Test plan for the proportion of polymer chemical dust suppressants
实验方案 化学抑尘剂成分及质量比/% 聚乙二醇对异辛基苯甲醚 高分子黏附剂 氯化钙 氯化镁 1 1.00 1.50 4.80 4.80 2 1.25 1.50 5.00 5.00 3 1.50 1.70 5.00 5.00 4 1.25 1.70 5.20 5.20 5 1.50 1.90 5.20 5.20 
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表 2 不同配比化学抑尘剂润湿时间
Table 2. Wetting time of chemical dust suppressants with different ratios
测定对象 润湿时间/s 第1次测试 第2次测试 第3次测试 第4次测试 第5次测试 平均 清水 320.73 325.06 319.62 313.07 323.43 320.38 方案1 8.21 7.59 7.72 7.96 8.02 7.90 方案2 7.46 7.17 6.83 6.94 7.12 7.10 方案3 6.02 6.29 6.51 6.35 6.83 6.40 方案4 7.13 6.98 7.38 7.48 7.13 7.22 方案5 6.39 6.61 6.73 6.89 6.56 6.63
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表 3 不同配比化学抑尘剂失水率
Table 3. Water loss rate of chemical dust suppressants with different ratios
时间/min 失水率/% 方案1 方案2 方案3 方案4 方案5 清水 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 30 13 8 9 7 7 14 60 27 22 21 18 19 30 90 44 41 42 34 32 52 120 64 60 58 51 52 77 150 89 84 83 77 76 98 180 93 93 91 86 85 100
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表 4 不同配比化学抑尘剂表面张力测试
Table 4. Surface tension test of chemical dust suppressants with different ratios
测定对象 表面张力/(mN·m-1) 第1次测试 第2次测试 第3次测试 第4次测试 第5次测试 平均表面张力 清水 71.82 70.09 72.76 70.96 71.34 71.39 方案1 31.25 30.57 33.83 32.14 34.09 32.38 方案2 29.98 28.46 27.37 28.09 30.53 28.89 方案3 21.54 21.81 21.91 20.37 22.85 21.70 方案4 25.39 25.05 26.37 24.97 25.42 25.44 方案5 23.09 25.59 26.55 24.87 25.86 25.19
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