Labor structure transformation and career remodeling of intelligent coal mine
-
摘要: 煤炭行业从传统煤矿向智能化煤矿转型过程中，劳动力结构发生深刻变革。基于劳动力与劳动工具互动作用机理，通过分析智能化煤矿劳动力特征，构建智能化煤矿劳动力与劳动工具适配性模型。从智能化煤矿劳动力质量结构、智能采矿的人才培养规模、“智能换人”相关制度、煤矿数据治理人才、智能化煤矿工种名称等方面，分析煤矿智能化建设过程中面临的人才短板。从重构智能采矿人才结构、创设新岗位新工种、更新政策法规、提升行业形象和员工幸福感、健全人才培养体系等方面，探讨智能化煤矿职业重塑的路径和举措。Abstract: The labor force structure of intelligent coal mine has undergone profound changes as the coal industry transforms from traditional coal mines to intelligent ones. In this light, this study ① reviews the characteristics of the labor force in intelligent coal mine, ② analyzes the interaction mechanism of labor force and labor tools, ③ builds an adaptation model of labor force and labor tools. Specifically, it analyzes the deficiencies existing in the present personnel structure in intelligent coal mine construction from the perspective of labor quality structure, personnel training scale, regulations related to "intelligent replacement", coal mine data management professionals, and term shifts of posts in intelligent coal mines. This paper proposes detailed scheme and measures for career reshaping in intelligent coal mines, namely restructuring intelligent mining personnel structure, creating new posts and new types of work, updating policies and regulations, improving industry image and employee happiness, and improving talent training system.
-
Key words:
- intelligent coal mine /
- labor force /
- post setting /
- job type /
- career remodeling
-
图 1 智能化煤矿综合管控平台系统和劳动力构成
Figure 1. Composition of the intelligent coal mine integrated management platform system and labor force
图 2 从手工劳动到人工智能劳动的演变
Figure 2. Evolution from manual labor to artificial intelligence labor
表 1 新中国煤炭开采劳动方式演变历程
Table 1. Evolution of labor structure in coal mining
时间 采煤工艺 劳动力需求 生产要素 操作方式 劳动方式 20世纪50—60年代 人工采煤与炮采 重体力劳动 人力+炸药 人工手动操作 体力劳动 20世纪70—90年代 普通机械化开采 辅助体力 人力+采煤机 人工操作机械 机械作业 20世纪80年代至21世纪初 综合机械化开采 技术操作 采煤机+计算机 人工跟机操作 计算机操作 21世纪初至今 智能化开采 智能操控 人力+智能系统+智能装备 人工远程操控 机器人劳动 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 智能化煤矿井下工种名称更新示例
Table 2. Updated names of intelligent coal mine underground work type
序号 岗位类别 职业类别 原工种名称 新工种名称 1 采煤类 井下采矿工 综采集中控制操作工 智采集控工程师 2 掘进类 矿山检查验收工 矿山工程检查验收工 矿山工程质量管理师 3 运输与提升类 井下机车运输工 矿山电机车司机 矿山电机车运维工程师 4 通风安全类 矿山安全防护工 矿压观测工 矿压数据分析师
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 葛世荣: 能源清不清洁, 不能按出身来论[J]. 中国新闻周刊, 2023, 30: 32-35. [2] 王国法, 任怀伟, 赵国瑞, 等. 煤矿智能化十大"痛点"解析及对策[J]. 工矿自动化, 2021, 47(6): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKZD202106001.htmWang Guofa, Ren Huaiwei, Zhao Guorui, et al. Analysis and countermeasures of ten 'pain points' of intelligent coal mine[J]. Industry and Mine Automation, 2021, 47(6): 1-11. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKZD202106001.htm [3] 王国法, 庞义辉, 刘峰, 等. 智能化煤矿分类、分级评价指标体系[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2020, 48(3): 1-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ202003001.htmWang Guofa, Pang Yihui, Liu Feng, et al. Specification and classification grading evaluation index system for intelligent coal mine[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2020, 48(3): 1-13. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ202003001.htm [4] 胡省三, 刘修源, 成玉琪. 采煤史上的技术革命: 我国综采发展40a[J]. 煤炭学报, 2010, 35(11): 1769-1771. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201011004.htmHu Shengsan, Liu Xiuyuan, Cheng Yuqi. Technical revolution in coal mining history: 40 years development of fully mechanized coal mining in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2010, 35(11): 1769-1771. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201011004.htm [5] 王国法, 刘峰, 庞义辉, 等. 煤矿智能化: 煤炭工业高质量发展的核心技术支撑[J]. 煤炭学报, 2019, 44(2): 349-357. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202201004.htmWang Guofa, Liu Feng, Pang Yihui, et al. Coal Mine intellectualization: the core technology of high quality development[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2019, 44(2): 349-357. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202201004.htm [6] 发展改革委, 能源局, 应急部, 等. 关于加快煤矿智能化发展的指导意见[EB/OL]. [2020-02-25] https://www.gov.cn/zhengce/zhengceku/2020-03/05/content_5487081.htm [7] 王绍绍. 国家能源局: 全国累计建成1043个智能化采煤工作面. [EB/OL]. [2023-04-27] http://finance.people.com.cn/n1/2023/0427/c1004-32675209.html [8] 葛世荣, 胡而已, 裴文良. 煤矿机器人体系及关键技术[J]. 煤炭学报, 2020, 45(1): 455-463. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202001045.htmGe Shirong, Hu Eryi, Pei Wenliang. Classification system and key technology of coal mine robot[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2020, 45(1): 455-463. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202001045.htm [9] 周绍森, 胡德龙. 人力资本先导和技术赶超[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2011. [10] 程德俊. 专有知识视角下人力资源内部化战略[J]. 经济管理, 2003, 25(16): 50-54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJGU200316008.htmCheng Dejun. Internalization strategy of human resources from the perspective of proprietary knowledge[J]. Economic Management, 2003, 25(16): 50-54. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JJGU200316008.htm [11] 王大洲. 技术创新与制度结构[M]. 沈阳: 东北大学出版社, 2001. [12] 苏敬勤, 崔淼, 洪勇. 基于能力适配演化的企业多元化: 理论与案例[J]. 技术经济, 2009, 28(6): 102-107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJI200906020.htmSu Jingqin, Cui Miao, Hong Yong. Enterprise diversification based on fit evolution of capacities: theory and case[J]. Technology Economics, 2009, 28(6): 102-107. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSJI200906020.htm [13] 刘峰, 曹文君, 张建明, 等. 我国煤炭工业科技创新进展及"十四五"发展方向[J]. 煤炭学报, 2021, 46(1): 1-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202101001.htmLiu Feng, Cao Wenjun, Zhang Jianming, et al. Current technological innovation and development direction of the 14th Five-Year Plan period in China coal industry[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2021, 46(1): 1-15. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB202101001.htm [14] 高奇琦, 李松. 从功能分工到趣缘合作: 人工智能时代的职业重塑[J]. 上海行政学院学报, 2017, 18(6): 78-86. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHXY201706009.htmGao Qiqi, Li Song. From functional division to interest cooperation: occupational remodeling in the era of artificial intelligence[J]. The Journal of Shanghai Administration Institute, 2017, 18(6): 78-86. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SHXY201706009.htm [15] 罗良文, 陈敏. 劳动力结构变迁: 人工智能化进程与展望: 基于文献综述的视角[J]. 社会科学动态, 2022(10): 52-61. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKDT202210009.htmLuo Liangwen, Chen Min. Change of labor force structure: progress and expectation on the artificial intelligence—based on the perspective of summary[J]. Dynamics of Social Sciences, 2022(10): 52-61. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-SKDT202210009.htm [16] 蔡峰, 孔令华, 程志恒. 大型煤炭企业煤矿智能化建设进展、问题和对策研究[J]. 中国煤炭, 2023, 49(6): 14-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME202306003.htmCai Feng, Kong Linghua, Cheng Zhiheng. Research on the progress, problems, and countermeasures of intelligent construction in large coal enterprises' coal mines[J]. China Coal, 2023, 49(6): 14-18. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME202306003.htm [17] 袁亮. 我国煤炭工业高质量发展面临的挑战与对策[J]. 中国煤炭, 2020, 46(1): 6-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME202001003.htmYuan Liang. Challenges and countermeasures for high quality development of China's coal industry[J]. China Coal, 2020, 46(1): 6-12. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGME202001003.htm [18] 王世雅. 理解规律肯定行动强化合作突破桎梏[N]. 中国煤炭报, 2020-08-08(4). [19] 苏学成, 樊炳辉, 李贻斌, 等. 试论煤矿机器人的研究与开发[J]. 机器人, 1995, 17(2): 123-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JQRR502.011.htmSu Xuecheng, Fan Binghui, Li Yibin, et al. The discussion on research and development of coal minerobots[J]. Robot, 1995, 17(2): 123-127. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JQRR502.011.htm [20] 王国法. 煤矿智能化发展方向与数字化智能化生态建设展望—王国法院士在2023年全国煤矿智能化建设现场推进会上的发言[J]. 智能矿山. 2023, 4(5): 2-10. [21] 谭章禄, 王美君. 智能化煤矿数据治理概念模型及技术架构研究[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2023, 8(2): 242-255. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2023.05.008Tan Zhanglu, Wang Meijun. Research on the conceptual model and technical architecture of data governance for intelligent coal mine[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2023, 8(2): 242-255. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2023.05.008 [22] 郑奇. 人工智能工具化初期的内容创业机会浅析[J]. 科技与出版, 2017(11): 11-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJYU201711011.htmZheng Qi. Analysis of content entrepreneurship opportunities in the initial stage of artificial intelligence instrumentalization[J]. Science-Technology & Publication, 2017(11): 11-14. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KJYU201711011.htm [23] 杨大鹏. 新形势下采矿工程专业人才培养对策研究[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2020, 5(3): 320-324. http://kykxxb.cumtb.edu.cn/article/id/295Yang Dapeng. Research on countermeasures of mining engineering talent training in the new situation[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2020, 5(3): 320-324. http://kykxxb.cumtb.edu.cn/article/id/295 -
点击查看大图
图(5) / 表(2)
计量
- 文章访问数: 127
- HTML全文浏览量: 40
- PDF下载量: 39
- 被引次数: 0