Mechanism and prevention of typical coal burst disaster at the working face of Hongqinghe coal mine
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摘要: 针对深部高静载应力环境下采掘工作面局部应力集中导致煤岩动力事件频发的问题,以新街矿区红庆河矿采煤工作面为工程研究背景,结合工作面开采方式与采掘期间煤岩动力事件对3-1煤层地质条件进行初步分析;运用数值模拟软件对工作面采动应力场和能量场进行模拟,分析3-1103综采面回采过程中采场潜在的易煤岩冲击失稳区域和冲击地压孕育-灾变机制,研究危险区域煤岩灾变力源、影响因素及防控措施。结果表明:① 3-1103综采面回采期间顶板岩层结构、采空区、区段煤柱等是影响冲击地压的主要因素;②模拟得到3-1103综采面回采期间采场易冲击失稳区域位置及特征,确定了采场范围内存在5个强冲击性和11个中等冲击性区域;③提出了包括切断冲击力源、降低应力集中、阻隔高集中应力传递三个方面的采场高静载或高静载+动载区域分源防控技术,对煤岩冲击失稳危险区域回采前进行预先卸压、回采期间局部解危和防冲减冲处理。Abstract: This study aims to tackle the problem of frequent coal-rock dynamic events caused by local stress concentration in deep mining working face under high static stress environment. Specifically, by taking the deep working face of Hongqinghe Mine located in Xinjie Mining Area as an example for analysisthis paper investigates the geological conditions of No. 3-1coal seam that are affected by the mining method and the coal rock dynamic disaster events occurred during mining; utilizes numerical simulation to simulate the mining stress field and energy field of the stope; analyzes the potential coal burst instability area and mechanism of coal burst gestation and catastrophe in the stope during the mining of the No. 3-1103 working face; probes into the sources of catastrophic stress and influencing factors of coal-rock disasters in dangerous areas, puts forward targeted prevention and control measures. Results show that: ① the roof strata structure, goaf and coal pillar are the key factors influencing coal burst in the stope during the mining of the No. 3-1103 working face; ② the simulation results indicatethe location and characteristics of the coal burst instability area in the stope of the No. 3-1103 working faces, as well as the simulation outlines 5 strong coal burst areas and 11 medium coal burst areas presented in the stope; ③ Measures are proposed for coal burst during mining from the perspective of cutting off the dynamic load source, reducing static load stress concentration, and blocking the transmission of high concentration stress. Detailed measures include implementing multi-source prevention and control in areas with high static or high static+dynamic loads, implement pre-pressure off-load measures prior to mining, and local risk relief and coal burst prevention and reduction treatments during mining.
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Key words:
- deep working face /
- coal burst /
- hard thick roof /
- strain energy density /
- high static /
- dynamic load
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表 1 岩石物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of rock
岩性 弹性模量/GPa 抗压强度/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 内聚力/MPa 泊松比 内摩擦角/(°) 密度/(kg·m-3) 残余内聚力/MPa 残余内摩擦角/(°) 塑性应变/% 中粒砂岩 0.51 52.2 2.67 14.5 0.2 34 2 595 4.35 30 0.01 细粒砂岩 0.28 57.5 3 24.8 0.16 29 2 562 4.80 24 0.01 粉砂岩 0.56 53.7 4 15.3 0.3 38 2 622 3.80 32 0.01 3-1煤 0.35 32.6 1.22 0.8 0.25 15 1 420 0.15 10 0.01 砂质泥岩 0.34 34 1.61 7.03 0.29 32 2 586 1.20 28 0.01 中砾岩 0.51 52.2 2.67 14.5 0.2 34 2 595 4.06 30 0.01 细砾岩 0.28 57.5 3 24.8 0.16 29 2 562 3.72 25 0.01 表 2 3-1103综采面回采期间潜在易冲击失稳危险区域
Table 2. Potential impact instability hazard areas during No.3-1103 working face mining
巷道名称 编号 危险等级 局部影响因素 易冲击失稳区域 冲击地压类型 冲击力源 运输巷道 A1 中等冲击 工作面初次来压 QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) A2 中等冲击 单工作面见方 QⅦ、QⅧ 顶板断裂冲击型和扰动型 ①静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳);②静载+扰动动载(远场顶板断裂震动) A3 中等冲击 双工作面见方 QⅦ、QⅧ 顶板断裂冲击型和扰动型 ①静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳);②静载+扰动动载(覆岩结构大规模运动) A4 中等冲击 联络巷 QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂扰动型 ①静载;②静载+扰动动载(远场顶板断裂震动) A5 中等冲击 DF6断层 QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;断层型 ①静载;②静载+扰动动载(断层滑移失稳或活化) A6 中等冲击 工作面停采线 QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) 辅运巷道 B1 强冲击 工作面初次来压;采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断冲击裂型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B2 中等冲击 采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B3 强冲击 工作面单面见方;采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型和扰动型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳);③静载+扰动动载(远场顶板断裂震动) B4 中等冲击 采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B5 强冲击 双工作面见方;采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型和扰动型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳);③静载+扰动动载(覆岩结构大规模运动) B6 中等冲击 采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B7 强冲击 联络巷;采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B8 中等冲击 采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B9 强冲击 工作面停采线;采空区侧向应力 QⅥ、QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) B10 中等冲击 采空区侧向应力 QⅦ、QⅧ 煤体压缩型;顶板断裂冲击型 ①静载;②静载+冲击动载(近场顶板断裂或失稳) 表 3 现场实施大直径钻孔卸压相关参数
Table 3. Pressure relief parameters of large diameter drilling
位置 间距/m 长度/m 角度/(°) 孔径/mm 布置方式 距底板/m 封孔长度/m 煤柱帮 强冲击时为1
中等冲击时为216 垂直巷帮3°~5°仰角 153 单排 1.2~1.5 3 回采帮 强冲击时为1
中等冲击时为215 垂直巷帮3°~5°仰角 153 单排 1.2~1.5 3 表 4 现场实施顶板水力压裂相关参数
Table 4. Parameters related to on-site roof hydraulic fracturing
参数 回采帮侧钻孔 煤柱侧钻孔 间距/m 15 15 钻孔长度/m 47 47 钻孔直径/mm 56 56 方位角夹角/(°) 189 324 仰角/(°) 50 50 -
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