Controlling factors of reservoir in platform margin zone of Lianglitage Formation in Katake Uplift, Tarim Basin
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摘要: 为探究卡塔克隆起良里塔格组台缘带不同段储层类型及形成原因，利用薄片、岩芯、成像测井、地震等资料分析了台缘相带沉积储层特征差异及其主控因素。结果表明，良里塔格组中高能礁滩相带沿1号断裂带呈条状分布，台缘带由东向西呈现差异沉积，可划分为断控型窄陡、沉积型陡坡、沉积型宽缓3种镶边台地台缘相带，与之对应形成裂缝-孔洞型、裂缝-孔洞型和孔洞型、低渗透裂缝型3种储层类型；准同生岩溶作用、浅埋藏淡水溶蚀作用、构造破坏作用3类建设性成岩作用，在台缘带不同位置对储层形成的贡献度存在差异；断控型窄陡镶边台地储层形成的主控因素为礁滩叠置体、岩溶期断裂与晚期断层活动，沉积型陡坡镶边台地为礁滩叠置体与北东向走滑断裂，沉积型宽缓镶边台地为岩溶期断裂活动与晚期走滑断裂。该研究成果将为海相碳酸盐岩勘探提供参考依据。Abstract: In order to study the different types and formation causes of reservoirs in the marginal zone of the Lianglitage Formation in the Katake Uplift, this study analyzed the marginal zone sedimentary reservoir characteristics, and their main controlling factors by utilizing a plethora of data sources including thin sections, core samples, FMI logging, and seismic data. The results show that the high-energy reef-flat facies of the Lianglitage Formation are distributed in a strip along the No.1 fault zone, exhibiting perplexing distribution patterns. The marginal zone also displays varying sedimentation patterns from east to west, which can be divided into three types of margin facies: fault-controlled narrow and steep, sedimentary steep slope, and sedimentary wide-gentle. Corresponding to these are three types of reservoirs: fracture-pore type, fracture-pore and pore type, and low-permeability fracture type. There are differences in the contribution of three constructive diagenetic processes, including quasi-syngenetic karstification, shallow-burial fresh water dissolution, and structural damage, to the formation of reservoirs in different locations of the marginal zone. The main controlling factors for the formation of the fault-controlled narrow and steep margin facies reef-flat superimposed bodies, karstification period faults, and late-stage fault activity. The sedimentary steep slope margin facies are found to be reef-flat superimposed bodies and northeast-trending strike-slip faults. The sedimentary wide-gentle margin facies are found to be karstification period fault activity and late-stage strike-slip faults. These results offer evidences for the exploration of marine carbonate reservoirs.
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图 2 卡塔克隆起位置与岩性柱状图
(a)卡塔克隆起良里塔格组底面构造图与工区位置；(b)地层格架与岩性结构柱状图
Figure 2. Location and lithological columnar section of the Kataklong Uplift
图 3 卡塔克隆起良里塔格组沉积相
Figure 3. Sedimentary facies of Lianglitage Formation in Katake Uplift
图 4 断控型窄陡镶边台地沉积相带及地震响应特征
(a)塔中621井沉积相；(b)断控型窄陡镶边台地模式；(c)(d)塔中243井和塔中621井地震剖面
Figure 4. Fault-controlled narrow and steep terrace margin sedimentary facies zone and seismic response characteristics
图 5 沉积型陡坡镶边台地沉积相带及地震响应特征
(a)中古20井沉积相；(b)沉积型陡坡镶边台地模式；(c)(d)塔中82井和中古20井地震剖面
Figure 5. Sedimentary steep-slope terrace margin sedimentary facies zone and seismic response characteristics
图 6 沉积型宽缓镶边台地沉积相带及地震响应特征
(a)塔中86井沉积相；(b)沉积型宽缓镶边台地模式；(c)(d)塔中86井和顺西1井地震剖面
Figure 6. Sedimentary wide-gentle terrace margin sedimentary facies zone and seismic response characteristics
图 7 卡塔克隆起良里塔格组储集空间及渗流带成岩标志
(a)顺6井，深度6 648.97 m，灰色砂屑灰岩，粒内溶孔和微孔隙；(b)顺6井，6 647.52 m，灰色砂屑灰岩，方解石晶间孔隙；(c)顺6井，深度6 700.5 m，灰色粒屑灰岩，裂缝发育；(d)顺6井，深度6 619.6 m，灰色灰岩，微裂缝发育；(e)顺6井，深度6 638.17 m，重结晶砂屑灰岩，晶粒、粒屑结构，局部裂缝、缝合线较发育，可见方解石、沥青充填裂缝；(f)顺6井，6 647.27 m，含鲕粒砂屑灰岩，局部晶间可见铸体充填为晶间溶蚀孔，孔隙周围为沥青
Figure 7. Reservoir space and diagenetic indicators of seepage zone of Lianglitage Formation in Katake Uplift
图 8 断控型窄陡镶边台地储层物性特征
(a)交汇图；(b)塔中62井4 750.33 m岩芯；(c)塔中62井4 750 m成像测井(孔洞发育段)
Figure 8. Physical property cross-plot of fault-controlled narrow and steep platform reservoir
图 9 沉积型陡坡镶边台地储层物性特征
(a)交会图；(b)塔中82井5 437 m岩芯；(c)塔中826井5 446~5 448 m成像测井(裂缝-孔洞段)
Figure 9. Physical property cross-plot of sedimentary steep-slope platform reservoirs
图 10 沉积型宽缓镶边台地储层物性特征
(a)交会图；(b)(c)顺西1井6 568~6 571 m成像测井(裂缝发育段)
Figure 10. Physical property cross-plot of sedimentary wide-gentle platform reservoir
图 11 卡塔克隆起良里塔格组成岩作用特征
(a)顺6井，深度6 619.5 m，灰色生屑灰岩，见内碎屑，少量内碎屑具有泥晶套；(b)顺6井，深度6 632 m，灰白色颗粒灰岩，粒屑分布密集，颗粒大小悬殊，可见颗粒错位，粒屑间主要充填亮晶方解石，具缝合线构造；(c)顺6井，深度6 648.7 m，砂屑灰岩灰岩，见2个世代胶结，一世代为纤状栉壳状，二世代为粒状，局部可见粒状、柱状；(d)顺6井，深度6 614.87 m，灰色颗粒灰岩，粒屑结构，嵌晶状胶结，粒间填隙物主要为方解石，局部可见2个世代胶结，一世代为纤状、栉壳状，二世代为晶粒状；(e)(f)顺6井，深度6 703.35 m，灰色颗粒灰岩，粒屑结构、晶粒结构，嵌晶式胶结，粒间填隙物主要为方解石，局部可见2个世代胶结，一世代为纤状、栉壳状；二世代为晶粒状；埋藏成岩环境，成岩阶段为早-晚成岩；(e)和(f)分别为偏光显微镜，阴极发光；(g)顺6井，深度6 617.4 m，粒内溶孔；(h)顺6井，深度6 620.87 m，构造裂缝溶蚀扩大后，内部充填亮晶方解石；(i)顺6井，深度6 705.46 m，片中可见缝合线发育，缝合线由沥青充填
Figure 11. Characteristics of rock formation from the Lianglitage formation in Katake Uplift
图 13 储层体形成过程
(a)初始沉积颗粒；(b)一世代胶结，准同生溶蚀，粒内孔、铸模孔形成；(c)浅埋藏阶段，粒间二世代胶结，准同生次生孔隙部分充填，大气淡水沿微裂隙扩溶；(d)中埋藏阶段，粒间三世代嵌晶胶结，扩容缝和次生溶孔部分充填，残留晶间孔隙、粒内溶孔；(e)中-深埋藏阶段，埋藏流体沿晶间孔、晶面节理、微裂缝溶蚀扩大，沥青质半-全充填次生溶孔、微裂缝；(f)现今有效储集空间包括粒内溶孔、晶间孔、晶间溶孔和微裂缝
Figure 13. Schematic diagrams of reservoir generation
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