西南地区节理化薄层软岩隧道大变形力学机理及支护控制方法

陶志刚; 李梦楠; 张博; 李慧茹; 史广诚

doi:10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2023.04.002

西南地区节理化薄层软岩隧道大变形力学机理及支护控制方法

doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2023.04.002

陶志刚^{1, 2,},
李梦楠^{1, 2},
张博^{1, 2},
李慧茹³,
史广诚^{1, 2, ,}

1.
深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室，北京 100083
2.
中国矿业大学(北京)力学与建筑工程学院，北京 100083
3.
中国矿业大学(北京)科学技术研究院，北京 100083

基金项目:

深部岩土力学与地下工程国家重点实验室创新基金 SKLGDUEK202201

详细信息

作者简介:
陶志刚(1981—)，男，河北邯郸人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体力学与工程灾害控制等方面的研究和教学工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：taozhigang1981@163.com

通讯作者:
史广诚(1990—)，男，河南焦作人，博士，主要从事滑坡灾害机理和监测预警等方面的研究工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：shiguangcheng1990@163.com

中图分类号: U45
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出版历程
- 收稿日期: 2022-12-26
- 修回日期: 2023-01-14
- 刊出日期: 2023-08-31

Mechanical mechanism of large deformation and support control for jointed thin soft rock tunnel in Southwest China

Tao Zhigang^{1, 2
,},
Li Mengnan^{1, 2},
Zhang Bo^{1, 2},
Li Huiru³,
Shi Guangcheng^{1, 2
, ,}

1.
State Key Laboratory for Geomechanics and Deep Underground Engineering, Beijing 100083, China
2.
School of Mechanics and Civil Engineering, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China
3.
Institute of Science and Technology, China University of Mining and Technology-Beijing, Beijing 100083, China

摘要

摘要: 针对西南山区高地应力软岩隧道支护结构破坏、围岩大变形等问题，以云南昌宁隧道为工程背景，分析了隧道围岩大变形破坏模式及力学机理，开展了软岩隧道NPR锚索应力补偿支护技术应用研究工作。首先采用现场勘查和室内试验的方法，对隧道地质条件及破坏成因进行分析；然后，研究了昌宁隧道影响围岩稳定性的主要控制因素和围岩破坏模式，提出了以NPR锚索为核心的应力补偿支护技术；最后，通过现场试验分析了NPR锚网耦合支护条件下昌宁隧道围岩控制效果。结果表明：岩层挤压弯折和层间剪切滑移是昌宁隧道围岩破坏的主要模式；以NPR锚索为核心的应力补偿支护技术能有效控制隧道围岩初期支护大变形，隧道围岩最大变形量从2 150 mm降低到100 mm以内，效果显著。研究成果可为软岩隧道大变形的防治提供参考。
- 软岩隧道 /
- 破坏模式 /
- 恒阻大变形锚索(NPR锚索) /
- 开挖补偿
Abstract: This study analyzes the large deformation failure mode and mechanical mechanism of tunnel surrounding rock, with an aim to lessen the damage of high ground stress soft rock tunnel support structure and large deformation of surrounding rock in southwest mountainous area, with Yunnan Changning Tunnel as example for analysis, This paper investigates NPR anchor cable stress compensation support for soft rock tunnel.First, we analyzed the geological conditions and causes of failure of the tunnel through field survey and indoor test.Then, we looked at the main control factors affecting the stability of surrounding rock and the failure mode of surrounding rock of Changning Tunnel.Next, this study proposed the stress compensation support technology with NPR anchor cable as the core.Finally, we analyzed the control effect of surrounding rock of Changning Tunnel under the condition of NPR anchor mesh coupling support through field test.Results show that the main failure modes of the surrounding rock of Changning Tunnel are the compression bending of rock strata and the shear slip between layers.The stress compensation support technology with NPR anchor cable as the core works to effectively control the large deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock in the initial support.The maximum deformation of the tunnel surrounding rock is controlled from 2 150 mm to less than 100 mm, which demonstrates significant control effect.The research results can provide reference for the prevention and control of large deformation of soft rock tunnel.
- soft rock tunnel /
- failure mode /
- Negative Poisson's Ratio anchor cable (NPR anchor cable) /
- excavation compensation

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图 1 昌宁隧道地质剖面

Figure 1. Geological profile of Changning Tunnel

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图 2 隧道的围岩特征

Figure 2. Surrounding rock characteristics of tunnel

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图 3 隧道不同里程下岩体单轴强度

Figure 3. Uniaxial strength of rock mass at different mileage of tunnel

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图 4 岩样品纵面扫描

Figure 4. Longitudinal scanning of rock

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图 5 隧道走向与水平主应力关系

Figure 5. Relationship between tunnel strike and horizontal principal stress

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图 6 原支护条件下昌宁隧道围岩的破坏特征

Figure 6. Failure characteristics of surrounding rock of Changning Tunnel in original support scheme

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图 7 昌宁隧道围岩的破坏模式

Figure 7. Failure mode of surrounding rock in Changning Tunnel

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图 8 隧道围岩岩层分区

Figure 8. Tunnel surrounding rock stratum zoning

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图 9 隧道围岩结构层受力图

Figure 9. Stress diagram of surrounding rock structure layer of tunnel

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图 10 结构层的形式

Figure 10. Form of structural layer

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图 11 结构层的极限位移

Figure 11. Limit displacement of structural floor

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图 12 开挖应力补偿原理

Figure 12. Stress compensation principle

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图 13 NPR锚索及其结构

Figure 13. NPR anchor cable and its structure

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图 14 监测设备

Figure 14. Test section and monitoring section

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图 15 现场试验段的监测结果

Figure 15. Monitoring results of rield test section

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表 1 全岩矿物X-射线衍射分析

Table 1. X-ray diffraction analysis of whole rock minerals %

样品号	矿物含量
样品号	石英	钾长石	斜长石	石盐	黏土矿物
左肩	38.5	0.5	7.8	1.7	51.5
右肩	28.4	0.7	17.8	1.6	51.5

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表 2 黏土矿物X-射线衍射分析

Table 2. X-ray diffraction analysis of clay minerals %

样品号	黏土矿物相对含量
样品号	S	It	K	C
左肩	6	46	—	48
右肩	5	56	—	39
注：S为蒙皂石类；It为伊利石；K为高岭石；C为绿泥石。

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表 3 昌宁隧道原支护设计参数

Table 3. Original supporting parameters of Changning tunnel

衬砌类型	项目	型号	长度/m	厚度/cm	间距/cm
初期支护	中空注浆锚杆	ϕ25 mm	3.5	—	100×60
	钢筋网	ϕ8 mm	—	—	20×20
	钢拱架	Ⅰ20	—	—	60
二次支护	钢筋混凝土	C30	—	50	—

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表 4 NPR锚网耦合支护方案关键参数设计

Table 4. Design of key parameters of NPR anchor-net coupling support scheme

位置	支护关键技术参数	断面设计图
上台阶	NPR锚索：L=10 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距=2 000 mm×1 200 mm；普通锚索：L=6 300mm，P≥300 kN，间排距=1 000 mm×1 200 mm； NPR增强支护：左右各增设2根NPR锚索，L=10 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距= 2 000 mm×1 200 mm；金属网：D=8 mm，M=100 mm×100 mm；混凝土：H=270 mm
中台阶	NPR锚索：L=10 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距=2 000 mm×1 200 mm；普通锚索：L=6 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距=1 000 mm×1 200 mm； NPR增强支护：左右各增设2根NPR锚索，L=10 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距= 2 000 mm×1 200 mm；金属网：D=8 mm，M=100 mm×100 mm；混凝土：H=270 mm
下台阶	NPR锚索：L=10 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距=2 000 mm×1 200 mm；普通锚索：L=6 300 mm，P≥300 kN，间排距=1 000 mm×1 200 mm；金属网：D=8 mm，M=100 mm×100 mm；钢拱架：原钢拱架保留，间距为600 mm；混凝土：H=270 mm
注：L为锚网索长度，mm；P为预紧力，kN；D为金属网钢筋直径，mm；M为金属网网格间排距，mm；H为混凝土初喷厚度，mm。

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西南地区节理化薄层软岩隧道大变形力学机理及支护控制方法

doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2023.04.002

作者简介:
陶志刚(1981—)，男，河北邯郸人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体力学与工程灾害控制等方面的研究和教学工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：taozhigang1981@163.com

通讯作者:
史广诚(1990—)，男，河南焦作人，博士，主要从事滑坡灾害机理和监测预警等方面的研究工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：shiguangcheng1990@163.com

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Mechanical mechanism of large deformation and support control for jointed thin soft rock tunnel in Southwest China

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西南地区节理化薄层软岩隧道大变形力学机理及支护控制方法

doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2023.04.002

作者简介: 陶志刚(1981—)，男，河北邯郸人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体力学与工程灾害控制等方面的研究和教学工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：taozhigang1981@163.com

通讯作者: 史广诚(1990—)，男，河南焦作人，博士，主要从事滑坡灾害机理和监测预警等方面的研究工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：shiguangcheng1990@163.com

计量

出版历程

Mechanical mechanism of large deformation and support control for jointed thin soft rock tunnel in Southwest China

计量

出版历程

目录

作者简介:
陶志刚(1981—)，男，河北邯郸人，博士，教授，博士生导师，主要从事岩体力学与工程灾害控制等方面的研究和教学工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：taozhigang1981@163.com

通讯作者:
史广诚(1990—)，男，河南焦作人，博士，主要从事滑坡灾害机理和监测预警等方面的研究工作。Tel：010-51733713，E-mail：shiguangcheng1990@163.com