Occurrence characteristics and formation mechanism of coal-bearing kaolinite rocks in Datong coalfield
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摘要: 大同煤田含煤地层中富含具有工业价值的高岭岩资源，为了确定这些煤系高岭岩的赋存特征和成矿机理，本文以大同煤田晚古生代太原组的高岭岩矿床为研究对象，采用野外地质调查、室内显微镜鉴定、XRD分析和地球化学分析等研究方法，对煤系高岭岩的赋存层位、结构组成、岩石类型及成因进行研究。结果表明：研究区高岭岩主要赋存在9号煤底板、8号煤底板、3-5号煤底板、3-5号煤夹矸和2号煤底-3号煤顶层间5个层位；岩石主要矿物成分为高岭石(含量60 % ~90 %)，其次为石英，以及少量的长石、云母、菱铁矿、硬水铝石、锐钛矿等；高岭岩结构组分可划分为颗粒、高岭石晶粒、矿物碎屑和基质，岩石类型包括晶粒状高岭岩、隐晶质高岭岩、团块状高岭岩和砂质高岭岩；煤系高岭岩的成因主要为陆源搬运沉积形成和火山灰蚀变形成两种。Abstract: The kaolinite rocks, a resource of industrial value, are abundant in the coal-bearing strata of the Datong coalfield.To look into the occurrence characteristics and formation mechanism of coal-bearing kaolinites, this paper uses the kaolinite deposits in the Taiyuan formation of the Late Paleozoic in the study area as the research object.The occurrence horizon, structural composition, rock type and genesis analysis of the kaolinite deposit were studied through field geological survey, microscopic identification, XRD analysis and geochemical analysis.Results show that the kaolinite rock in Datong coalfield is mainly located in five layers, including the No.9 coal floor, the No.8 coal floor, the No.3 and 5 coal floor, No.3 and 5 coal parting and the No.2 coal floor to No.3 coal roof.The kaolinite is the predominant mineral(the content is between 60 % and 90 %)associated with minor minerals like quartz, feldspar, mica, anatase, siderite and diaspore.The micro-components of the kaolinite rock in the study area were divided into grains, kaolinite crystals, mineral clasts and matrix.In addition, the kaolinite rock in the study area were categorized as grain kaolinite rock, cryptocrystalline kaolinite rock, lump kaolinite rock and sandy kaolinite rock according to the present morphology analysis.In conclusion, the genesis of kaolinite rock is mainly terrigenous transport sedimentary and volcanic ash.
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Key words:
- Datong coalfield /
- Taiyuan formation /
- kaolinite rock /
- occurrence characteristics /
- genesis
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图 2 大同煤田南阳坡2016-13钻孔柱状图及采样层位
Figure 2. Histogram of drill hole 2016-13 in Nanyangpo, Datong coalfield and sampling layer
图 3 大同煤田南阳坡井田2016-13钻孔不同层位高岭岩XRD图谱
d—晶面间距，nm；K—高岭石；Q—石英
Figure 3. XRD patterns of different layers of kaolinite at Nanyangpo wellfield, Datong coalfield, hole 2016-13
表 1 不同层位高岭岩化学分析
Table 1. Chemical analysis of kaolinite rocks at different strata
样品号 孔号 层位 化学组成/% n SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 MgO CaO K2O 6-6-1 T604 2号底 46.06 36.72 0.05 0.44 0.19 0.40 0.04 2.13 6-7-1 T604 3号底 48.15 34.57 0.16 0.46 0.27 0.36 0.15 2.37 6-7-2 T604 3号底 48.88 34.01 0.08 0.46 0.24 0.41 0.27 2.44 1702-1 1702 3号-5号煤夹矸 44.76 38.36 0.25 0.13 0.04 0.41 0.06 1.98 6-8-1 T604 5号底 46.13 37.18 0.10 0.98 0.10 0.27 0.07 2.11 6-9-1 T604 8号底 55.72 29.14 0.24 1.01 0.52 0.36 0.96 3.25 6-9-2 T604 8号底 48.06 34.89 0.34 1.18 0.40 0.36 0.11 2.34 6-9-3 T604 8号底 49.50 32.84 0.21 1.24 0.76 0.54 0.25 2.56 6-10-1 T604 9号底 49.00 33.15 0.11 1.11 0.33 0.58 0.23 2.51 注：n为SiO2与Al2O3的摩尔比值。 
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表 2 大同煤田不同层位高岭岩岩石类型及特征
Table 2. Types and characteristics of kaolinite rock in different strata in Datong coalfield
孔号 样品编号 层位 石英/% 其他矿物 高岭石结晶度(HI*) 岩性描述 塔山T604孔 6-2-1 山西组4号煤顶板 >50 重矿物，菱铁矿 0.76 砂质高岭岩 6-4-1 山西组4号煤底板 20 — 0.86 砂质团块状高岭岩 6-4-2 山西组4号煤底板 >50 重矿物、长石 1.21 砂质高岭岩 6-6-2 3号煤顶板 5 — 1.13 团块状高岭岩 6-7-1 5号煤顶板 30 — 0.94 砂质假象型高岭岩 6-8-1 5号煤底板 <5 蒙脱石 1.20 假象型高岭岩 6-9-1 8号煤底板 30 — 0.21 砂质假象型高岭岩 6-9-2 8号煤底板 10 — 1.09 假象型高岭岩 6-9-4 8号煤底板 10 — 0.84 粉砂屑高岭岩 6-10-2 9号煤底板 20 — 0.99 隐晶质高岭岩 南阳坡2016-13孔 N-1 3号煤顶板 40 — 0.65 砂质高岭岩 N-2 3-5号煤夹矸 20 — 1.10 团块状高岭岩 N-3 5号煤底板 — — 1.07 晶粒状高岭岩 N-4 8号煤底板 15 — 0.66 隐晶质高岭岩 N-5 9号煤底板 25 — 1.01 隐晶质高岭岩 注：*为Hinkley指数[17-18]。
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表 3 不同种类高岭岩组成及分布特征
Table 3. Composition and distribution characteristics of different kaolinite rocks
岩石类型 高岭石含量/% 石英含量/% 其他矿物 高岭石结晶度(HI) n 主要分布层位 团块状高岭岩 83~95 5~10 伊/蒙间层矿物、伊利石、黄铁矿、菱铁矿 0.8~1.1 2.4~3.3 3-5号煤夹矸，8号煤底板，2号煤底-3号煤顶 晶粒状高岭岩 90~95 2~5 伊利石、黄铁矿、绿泥石、长石 1.1~1.3 2.0~2.2 3-5号煤夹矸，8号煤底板 隐晶质高岭岩 85~93 5~8 伊利石、伊/蒙间层矿物、黄铁矿、菱铁矿 1.1~1.3 2.1~2.3 3-5号煤夹矸，8号煤底板，9号煤底板，5号煤底板 砂质高岭岩 70~90 10~30 长石、伊利石、绿泥石、重矿物 0.6~0.8 2.4~2.6 9号煤底板，2号煤底-3号煤顶
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