Key grouting technology and engineering demonstration for green mines
-
摘要: 针对地表塌陷、水资源破坏、煤基固废堆积等问题，系统性提出了煤炭绿色开采“减沉、增载、处废、控水”一体化的多元耦合注浆技术体系，并成功示范。具体内容有：(1)综合利用理论分析、数值模拟、现场探测(钻探、超声成像、井下电视、光纤监测)等手段，研究了采动空隙空间与原生裂隙空间发育演化规律，尤其是将分布式光纤技术应用于离层空间探测，实现了注浆空间的精准识别。(2)利用煤基固废(煤矸石、粉煤灰)等制备了应用于不同场景的多源无机高性能注浆材料，将煤矸石作为离层注浆材料实现了规模化处置，同时研发了具有水下抗分散性、高体积系数、高塑性强度的新型KEP注浆堵水材料。(3)将丛式井技术运用到离层注浆孔钻探施工，有效规避采动超前破坏；集成研制了全天候、高泵压、大流量智能化注浆系统；应用补强注浆工艺，强化注浆减沉效果。(4)提出了注浆效果监测检测技术体系，重点阐述了钻探取芯与测井相结合的钻孔检测方法。(5)形成了以离层注浆减沉处废、垮落带注浆处废、老空区注浆增载处废和顶板裂隙注浆控水为核心的智能化技术体系，并在夏店煤矿、新浦磷矿、曹家滩煤矿、高家堡煤矿进行了工程示范，为我国绿色矿山建设提供了新思路。Abstract: This study proposed the multi-coupling grouting system with the aim to tackle green mine problems such as surface collapse, water resources destruction and coal based solid waste accumulation.Successfully applied, this system yielded the following major achievements: this study (1) probed into the patterns of development and evolution in mining separation space and primary fracture space, and conducted the intelligent identification of grouting space by means of theoretical analysis, physical and numerical simulation and field detection.(2) prepared multi-source inorganic high-performance grouting materials for different scenarios by using coal-based solid wastes (coal gangue, fly ash), and developed a new KEP grouting material with underwater dispersion resistance, high volume coefficient and high plastic strength.(3) applied cluster well and feather well to grouting hole drilling and and developed an all-weather, high pump pressure and large flow intelligent grouting system; The reinforcement grouting technology is applied for the first time to strengthen the effect of grouting to reduce settlement.(4)put forward the technology system of grouting effect monitoring and detection, and emphatically expounded the borehole detection method of combining drilling core and well logging.(5)formed an intelligent technology system based on the methods of separation space grouting to reduce settlement and treat waste, caving zone grouting to treat waste, goaf grouting to strengthen foundation bearing capacity and treat waste, and roof fissure grouting to control water gushing as the core.Engineering demonstrations of this system have been carried out in Xiadian coal mine, Xinpu phosphate mine, Caojiatan coal mine, Gaojiabao coal mine and other places, which yielded good results.
-
图 4 门克庆煤矿井下电视探查离层结果影像
Figure 4. Image of underground television exploration for separation layer in Menkeqing Coal Mine
图 5 门克庆煤矿关键层下方离层区横向裂隙超声成像结果
Figure 5. Ultrasonic imaging of transverse fractures in the separation zone below the key strata in Menkeqing Coal Mine
图 7 五阳煤矿试验工作面探查孔位置(红色圆圈)示意图
Figure 7. Schematic diagram of exploratory hole position (red circle) in test working surface of Wuyang Coal Mine
图 8 五阳煤矿光纤监测地层变形曲线
Figure 8. Formation/deformation curve monitored by optical fiber in Wuyang Coal Mine
图 12 KEP注浆材料的塑性强度变化曲线
Figure 12. Plastic strength change curve of KEP grouting material
图 14 KEP与纯水泥浆的结石率和密度
Figure 14. Stone rate and density of KEP material and cement grout
图 17 丛式井常见孔身结构示意图
Figure 17. Schematic diagram of common hole structure of cluster well
图 19 注浆系统智能管控一体化平台
Figure 19. Intelligent control integration platform of grouting system
图 21 夏店煤矿验证孔注浆层位附近局部柱状
Figure 21. Local columnar near the grouting layer of the verification hole
图 23 基于多元耦合的核心注浆技术
Figure 23. Formed core grouting technology based on multiple coupling
图 24 夏店煤矿注浆后沿走向测线地表下沉曲线
Figure 24. Surface subsidence curve along the strike survey line after grouting in Xiadian coal mine
图 25 曹家滩煤矿瞬变电磁探测浆液扩散情况
Figure 25. Transient electromagnetic detection of slurry diffusion in Caojiatan project
图 26 高家堡煤矿地面钻孔注浆量与矿井涌水量关系
Figure 26. Relationship between grouting volume and water yield of mine
表 1 门克庆煤矿关键层各参数计算结果
Table 1. Calculation results of parameters of key strata in Menkeqing Coal Mine
m 序号 类型 岩性 厚度 埋深 距煤层底板 1 主关键层 中粒砂岩 290.40 346.40 350.95 2 亚关键层Ⅲ 粗粒砂岩 15.23 386.30 311.05 3 亚关键层Ⅱ 粗砂岩夹粉砂岩 31.76 468.43 228.92 4 亚关键层Ⅰ 中粗砂岩 59.92 653.90 43.45 
下载: 导出CSV
表 2 KEP浆液结石体序时抗压强度
Table 2. Sequential compressive strength of KEP slurry stone
MPa 样品编号 3 d 7 d 28 d C001 0.44 1.29 3.97 C002 0.39 1.14 3.46 C003 0.42 1.13 2.96 C004 0.45 1.15 2.58 C005 0.46 1.21 3.93 C006 0.41 1.18 3.95 均值 0.43 1.18 3.48
下载: 导出CSV
表 3 矸石注浆主要设备参数一览表
Table 3. List of main equipment configuration for coal gangue grouting
序号 设备名称 主要技术参数 1 给料机 进料最大边长400 mm，产量80~120 t/h 2 粗碎机 进料最大粒度500 mm，出料粒度65~200 mm，产量50~180 t/h 3 细碎机 进料最大粒度200 mm，出料粒度3~5 mm，产量130~190 t/h 4 球磨机 进料最大粒度25 mm，出料粒度0.074~0.4 mm，产量45.8~256 t/h 5 带式输送机 带宽600 mm，送料量大于80 m3/h 6 注浆泵 最大流量45.1 L/s，最大压力14.6 MPa，缸径120~180 mm
下载: 导出CSV
-
[1] 钱鸣高, 许家林, 缪协兴. 煤矿绿色开采技术[J]. 中国矿业大学学报, 2003, 32(4): 343-348. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1964.2003.04.001Qian Minggao, Xu Jialin, Miao Xiexing. Green technique in coal mining[J]. Journal of China University of Mining & Technology, 2003, 32(4): 343-348. doi: 10.3321/j.issn:1000-1964.2003.04.001 [2] 潘树仁, 潘海洋, 朱开成, 等. 煤矿开采若干生态环境地质问题及解决思路[J]. 中国煤炭地质, 2020, 32(9): 21-25, 53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2020.09.03Pan Shuren, Pan Haiyang, Zhu Kaicheng, et al. Some entironment geological issues and solution thinking during coal mining[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2020, 32(9): 21-25, 53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-1803.2020.09.03 [3] 潘树仁, 魏云迅, 朱开成, 等. 传统煤炭地质转型升级方向探讨[J]. 中国煤炭地质, 2020, 32(8): 1-4, 19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMT202008001.htmPan Shuren, Wei Yunxun, Zhu Kaicheng, et al. Discussion on traditional coal geological exploration industry transformation and upgrading orientation[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2020, 32(8): 1-4, 19. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMT202008001.htm [4] 李树志. 我国采煤沉陷区治理实践与对策分析[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2019, 47(1): 36-43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ201901041.htmLi Shuzhi. Control practices and countermeasure analysis on coal mining subsidence area in China[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2019, 47(1): 36-43. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ201901041.htm [5] 徐友宁, 吴贤, 陈华清. 大柳塔煤矿地面塌陷区的生态地质环境效应分析[J]. 中国矿业, 2008, 17(3): 38-40, 50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4051.2008.03.012Xu Youning, Wu Xian, Chen Huaqing. Effect analysis on ecological geo-environment in the bound of Daliuta coal mining subsidence area[J]. China Mining Magazine, 2008, 17(3): 38-40, 50. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-4051.2008.03.012 [6] 范立民, 马雄德, 冀瑞君. 西部生态脆弱矿区保水采煤研究与实践进展[J]. 煤炭学报, 2015, 40(8): 1711-1717. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201508001.htmFan Limin, Ma Xiongde, Ji Ruijun. Progress in engineering practice of water-preserved coal mining in western eco-environment frangible area[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2015, 40(8): 1711-1717. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201508001.htm [7] 顾大钊, 张勇, 曹志国. 我国煤炭开采水资源保护利用技术研究进展[J]. 煤炭科学技术, 2016, 44(1): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ201601001.htmGu Dazhao, Zhang Yong, Cao Zhiguo. Technical progress of water resource protection and utilization by coal mining in China[J]. Coal Science and Technology, 2016, 44(1): 1-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTKJ201601001.htm [8] 左鹏飞. 煤矸石的综合利用方法[J]. 煤炭技术, 2009, 28(1): 186-189. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS200901082.htmZuo Pengfei. Comprehensive utilization of coal gangue[J]. Coal Technology, 2009, 28(1): 186-189. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTJS200901082.htm [9] Paoli L C, Guttová A, Grassi A, et al. Biological effects of airborne pollutants released during cement production assessed with lichens (SW Slovakia)[J]. Ecological Indicators, 2014, 40: 127-135. [10] Zhou C C, Liu G J, Wu S C, et al. The environmental characteristics of usage of coal gangue in bricking-making: a case study at Huainan, China[J]. Chemosphere, 2014, 95: 274-280. [11] 蒋硕忠. 我国化学灌浆技术发展与展望[J]. 长江科学院院报, 2003, 20(5): 25-27, 34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJKB200305007.htmJiang Shuozhong. Development and prospect of chemical grouting technique in our country[J]. Journal of Yangtze River Scientific Research Institute, 2003, 20(5): 25-27, 34. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-CJKB200305007.htm [12] 葛家良. 软岩巷道注浆加固机理及注浆技术若干问题的研究[D]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学, 1995. [13] 姜瑜, 郭飞, 孔恒, 等. 注浆材料的现状与发展策略[J]. 化工新型材料, 2022, 50(1): 282-286. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGXC202201057.htmJiang Yu, Guo Fei, Kong Heng, et al. Current situation and development strategy of grouting material[J]. New Chemical Materials, 2022, 50(1): 282-286. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HGXC202201057.htm [14] 冀玲芳, 李养平. 高分子化学灌浆材料及其在混凝土防渗堵漏工程中的应用[J]. 江苏化工, 2002, 30(6): 42-44, 46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSHG200206008.htmJi Lingfang, Li Yangping. Application of chemical grouting in concrete waterproof and leak stoppage works[J]. Jiangsu Chemical Industry, 2002, 30(6): 42-44, 46. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-JSHG200206008.htm [15] 张王磊. 破碎围岩注浆加固技术研究[D]. 焦作: 河南理工大学, 2014. [16] 杨幸涛. 人工强化关键层注浆充填减沉技术理论研究[J]. 企业技术开发, 2015, 34(26): 176-178. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QYJK201526103.htmYang Xingtao. Theoretical study on settlement reduction technology of artificial strengthening key layer grouting filling[J]. Technological Development of Enterprise, 2015, 34(26): 176-178. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-QYJK201526103.htm [17] 许家林, 轩大洋, 朱卫兵, 等. 基于关键层控制的部分充填采煤技术[J]. 采矿与岩层控制工程学报, 2019, 1(2): 69-76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKKC201902006.htmXu Jialin, Xuan Dayang, Zhu Weibing, et al. Partial backfilling coal mining technology based on key strata control[J]. Journal of Mining and Strata Control Engineering, 2019, 1(2): 69-76. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MKKC201902006.htm [18] 钱鸣高, 缪协兴, 许家林. 岩层控制中的关键层理论研究[J]. 煤炭学报, 1996, 21(3): 225-230. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB603.000.htmQian Minggao, Miao Xiexing, Xu Jialin. Theoretical study of key stratum in ground control[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 1996, 21(3): 225-230. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB603.000.htm [19] 许家林. 煤矿绿色开采[M]. 徐州: 中国矿业大学出版社, 2011. [20] 齐宽, 郝逸凡, 朱开成, 等. 基于FLAC3D的煤矿地表沉降及离层发育分析[J]. 中国煤炭地质, 2020, 32(7): 33-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMT202007008.htmQi Kuan, Hao Yifan, Zhu Kaicheng, et al. Analysis on ground settlement and bed-separations developing process in coal mine based on FLAC3D[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2020, 32(7): 33-39. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMT202007008.htm [21] 张玉军, 张华兴, 陈佩佩. 覆岩及采动岩体裂隙场分布特征的可视化探测[J]. 煤炭学报, 2008, 33(11): 1216-1219. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB200811004.htmZhang Yujun, Zhang Huaxing, Chen Peipei. Visual exploration of fissure field of overburden and rock[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2008, 33(11): 1216-1219. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB200811004.htm [22] 谢建林, 许家林. 地质雷达探测顶板离层的数值与物理模拟研究[J]. 采矿与安全工程学报, 2017, 34(2): 317-322. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KSYL201702017.htmXie Jianlin, Xu Jialin. Numerical and physical simulation of the detection of roof separation with ground penetrating radar[J]. Journal of Mining & Safety Engineering, 2017, 34(2): 317-322. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-KSYL201702017.htm [23] 杜金龙, 朱开成, 范玉须, 等. 覆岩离层注浆浆液扩散半径计算研究: 以夏店煤矿为例[J]. 中国煤炭地质, 2020, 32(10): 40-42, 64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMT202010009.htmDu Jinlong, Zhu Kaicheng, Fan Yuxu, et al. Study on overburden separation layer grouting slurry diffusion radius estimation: a case study of Xiadian coalmine[J]. Coal Geology of China, 2020, 32(10): 40-42, 64. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGMT202010009.htm [24] 张彪, 黄辅强. 高家堡矿井煤层顶板含水层注浆改造堵水减水工程[R]. 北京: 北京大地高科地质勘查有限公司, 2021. -
点击查看大图
计量
- 文章访问数: 427
- HTML全文浏览量: 45
- PDF下载量: 55
- 被引次数: 0