Key grouting technology and engineering demonstration for green mines
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摘要: 针对地表塌陷、水资源破坏、煤基固废堆积等问题,系统性提出了煤炭绿色开采“减沉、增载、处废、控水”一体化的多元耦合注浆技术体系,并成功示范。具体内容有:(1)综合利用理论分析、数值模拟、现场探测(钻探、超声成像、井下电视、光纤监测)等手段,研究了采动空隙空间与原生裂隙空间发育演化规律,尤其是将分布式光纤技术应用于离层空间探测,实现了注浆空间的精准识别。(2)利用煤基固废(煤矸石、粉煤灰)等制备了应用于不同场景的多源无机高性能注浆材料,将煤矸石作为离层注浆材料实现了规模化处置,同时研发了具有水下抗分散性、高体积系数、高塑性强度的新型KEP注浆堵水材料。(3)将丛式井技术运用到离层注浆孔钻探施工,有效规避采动超前破坏;集成研制了全天候、高泵压、大流量智能化注浆系统;应用补强注浆工艺,强化注浆减沉效果。(4)提出了注浆效果监测检测技术体系,重点阐述了钻探取芯与测井相结合的钻孔检测方法。(5)形成了以离层注浆减沉处废、垮落带注浆处废、老空区注浆增载处废和顶板裂隙注浆控水为核心的智能化技术体系,并在夏店煤矿、新浦磷矿、曹家滩煤矿、高家堡煤矿进行了工程示范,为我国绿色矿山建设提供了新思路。Abstract: This study proposed the multi-coupling grouting system with the aim to tackle green mine problems such as surface collapse, water resources destruction and coal based solid waste accumulation.Successfully applied, this system yielded the following major achievements: this study (1) probed into the patterns of development and evolution in mining separation space and primary fracture space, and conducted the intelligent identification of grouting space by means of theoretical analysis, physical and numerical simulation and field detection.(2) prepared multi-source inorganic high-performance grouting materials for different scenarios by using coal-based solid wastes (coal gangue, fly ash), and developed a new KEP grouting material with underwater dispersion resistance, high volume coefficient and high plastic strength.(3) applied cluster well and feather well to grouting hole drilling and and developed an all-weather, high pump pressure and large flow intelligent grouting system; The reinforcement grouting technology is applied for the first time to strengthen the effect of grouting to reduce settlement.(4)put forward the technology system of grouting effect monitoring and detection, and emphatically expounded the borehole detection method of combining drilling core and well logging.(5)formed an intelligent technology system based on the methods of separation space grouting to reduce settlement and treat waste, caving zone grouting to treat waste, goaf grouting to strengthen foundation bearing capacity and treat waste, and roof fissure grouting to control water gushing as the core.Engineering demonstrations of this system have been carried out in Xiadian coal mine, Xinpu phosphate mine, Caojiatan coal mine, Gaojiabao coal mine and other places, which yielded good results.
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表 1 门克庆煤矿关键层各参数计算结果
Table 1. Calculation results of parameters of key strata in Menkeqing Coal Mine
m 序号 类型 岩性 厚度 埋深 距煤层底板 1 主关键层 中粒砂岩 290.40 346.40 350.95 2 亚关键层Ⅲ 粗粒砂岩 15.23 386.30 311.05 3 亚关键层Ⅱ 粗砂岩夹粉砂岩 31.76 468.43 228.92 4 亚关键层Ⅰ 中粗砂岩 59.92 653.90 43.45 表 2 KEP浆液结石体序时抗压强度
Table 2. Sequential compressive strength of KEP slurry stone
MPa 样品编号 3 d 7 d 28 d C001 0.44 1.29 3.97 C002 0.39 1.14 3.46 C003 0.42 1.13 2.96 C004 0.45 1.15 2.58 C005 0.46 1.21 3.93 C006 0.41 1.18 3.95 均值 0.43 1.18 3.48 表 3 矸石注浆主要设备参数一览表
Table 3. List of main equipment configuration for coal gangue grouting
序号 设备名称 主要技术参数 1 给料机 进料最大边长400 mm,产量80~120 t/h 2 粗碎机 进料最大粒度500 mm,出料粒度65~200 mm,产量50~180 t/h 3 细碎机 进料最大粒度200 mm,出料粒度3~5 mm,产量130~190 t/h 4 球磨机 进料最大粒度25 mm,出料粒度0.074~0.4 mm,产量45.8~256 t/h 5 带式输送机 带宽600 mm,送料量大于80 m3/h 6 注浆泵 最大流量45.1 L/s,最大压力14.6 MPa,缸径120~180 mm -
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