Development strategy of pumped storage in underground space of closed/abandoned mines
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摘要: 在双碳战略目标牵引下，中国深化能源革命，目前已成为世界上最大的可再生能源发电国。为解决大规模可再生能源电力供应不稳定的难题，新型电力系统的提出与加速成长促进了抽水蓄能电站的建设与发展，但在生态红线与地形等因素约束下，传统抽水蓄能电站选址难题亟须解决。同时，煤炭去产能过程中形成了大量的关闭/废弃矿井与资源枯竭型城市。本研究详细概述了中国抽水蓄能电站的发展现状，分析了关闭/废弃矿井与抽水蓄能结合后对水资源压力的缓解与温室气体减排等环境效益。基于关闭/废弃矿井抽水蓄能电站不同模式，对关闭/废弃矿井抽水蓄能应用潜力展开了分析，最后提出中国废弃矿井抽水蓄能发展战略，并展望了关闭/废弃矿井+储能的多元产业愿景。Abstract: To achieve carbon peaking and carbon neutrality, China has deepened its energy revolution with the largest renewable energy power generation capacity in the world.In face of the unstable power supply of large-scale renewable energy, a new power system has been proposed and constantly upgraded, which promoted the construction and development of pumped storage power station.Under terrain constraints and the ecological red line, the site selection of traditional pumped storage power station is a hard nut to crack.At the same time, a large number of closed/abandoned mines and resource exhausted cities emerged in the process of coal capacity reduction.This study gave a detailed overview of the status quo of pumped storage power station in China, and analyzed the environmental benefits of the combination of closed/abandoned mines and pumped storage, such as water resource pressure relief and greenhouse gas emission reduction.Based on the different modes of closed/abandoned mine pumped storage power stations, this study analyzed the application potential of closed/abandoned mine pumped storage.Finally, this paper proposed the development strategy of China's abandoned mine pumped storage, and the prospects of closed/abandoned mine+energy storage in multiple industries.
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图 1 2010—2021年中国抽水蓄能装机容量及占比变化
Figure 1. Installed capacity and proportion of pumped storage in China from 2010 to 2021
图 2 中国抽水蓄能装机容量的分布
Figure 2. Distribution of installed capacity of pumped storage in China
图 3 中国基准水压力与在建抽水蓄能电站分布情况
Figure 3. Baseline water stress and distribution of pumped storage power stations under construction in China
图 4 关闭/废弃矿井半地面半地下模式抽水蓄能示意图
Figure 4. Schematic diagram of closed/abandoned mine pumped storage in half-surface and half-underground mode
图 5 关闭/废弃矿井全地下模式抽水蓄能示意图
Figure 5. Schematic diagram of closed/abandoned mine pumped storage in all underground mode
图 6 中国风能与太阳能装机容量分布
Figure 6. Distribution of installed wind and solar energy capacity in China
图 7 2021年底全国生产煤矿井下可利用地下空间分布
Figure 7. Available underground space distribution of coal mines at the end of 2021
表 1 国内抽水蓄能电站的分布、规模与平均建设成本
Table 1. Distribution, scale and investment of domestic pumped storage power stations
地区 投运或在建的抽水蓄能电站数量/个 装机总容量/GW 平均建设成本/(元·W-1) 晋陕蒙宁甘区 10 11.100 6.34 华东区(包括浙江等不产煤地区) 38 43.753 5.11 东北区 7 8.100 5.07 华南区(包括广东、海南等不产煤地区) 22 25.506 5.12 新青区(包括西藏等不产煤地区) 3 2.53 6.92 
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