The states of mental health of university students majored in mining and interventions based on courses
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摘要: 应用SCL-90问卷调查的方式，对中国矿业大学(北京)2016级至2019级矿业类大学生的心理健康状况进行了调查，并与全国大学生常模进行了比较研究。结果表明：从心理健康的整体状况来看，矿业类大学生存在一定的心理健康问题，但与全国大学生的状况相似，没有表现出明显的差异；从心理问题的类型上看，矿业类大学生主要表现在存在强迫症状、人际敏感、偏执、抑郁和精神病性等方面。针对学生存在的心理问题，提出了在心理健康教育课堂教学过程中加强课程建设，通过多种途径来提升学生的心理健康状况。Abstract: The SCL-90 was applied to the students from China University of Mining and Technology Beijing with entry year between 2016 to 2019 to exam their mental health status, and the survey result had been compared and analyzed with the Chinese undergraduate norm.Results: from the overall mental health perspective, students majoring in mining showed a certain kind of mental health problems, but no significant differences comparing with the national undergraduates status; As for the types of mental health problem encountered, the students majoring in mining were observed with issues such as obsessive symptoms, sensitive interpersonal relationship, paranoid, depression and psychotic symptoms etc.Based on the above mentioned mental health problems, we have developed on strengthening the construction of courses, improving the students mental health status through multiple approaches.
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Key words:
- SCL-90 /
- the state of mental health /
- course /
- intervention
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表 1 矿业类大学生的基本情况
Table 1. The basic information of the university students majored in mining
项目 人数 占比/% 年级 2016级 774 27.0 2017级 679 23.4 2018级 763 26.7 2019级 656 22.9 性别 男 2 209 77.2 女 654 22.7 民族 汉族 2 613 91.3 少数民族 250 8.7 家庭经济状况 贫困 753 26.3 一般 1 937 67.7 良好 173 6.0 贷款情况 贷款 555 19.4 未贷款 2 308 80.6 第一志愿情况 第一志愿 1 173 41.0 非第一志愿 1 690 59.0 独生子女情况 独生子女 1 490 52.0 非独生子女 1 373 48.0 
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表 2 SCL-90总分和阳性项目的情况
Table 2. The information of the score and the sum of positive factors
年级 人数 总分 阳性项目数 小于160人数 大于等于160人数 小于43的人数 大于等于43的人数 2016级 774 601 173 583 189 2017级 670 550 120 532 138 2018级 763 627 136 617 147 2019级 656 516 140 503 153 卡方检验 7.505 7.730 df 3 3
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表 3 矿业类大学生和常模的SCL-90因子得分(x±s)
Table 3. The standard of the university students and the university students majored in mining on SCL-90
因子 2016
n=7742017
n=6702018
n=7632019
n=656常模
n=92 516常模标准差 躯体化 1.31±0.40 1.29±0.42 1.26±0.39 1.26±0.38 1.32±0.39 0.39 强迫症状 1.88±0.65 1.78±0.63 1.81±0.62 1.86±0.60 1.81±0.55 0.55 人际敏感 1.72±0.67 1.60±0.61 1.61±0.60 1.66±0.61 1.71±0.55 0.55 抑郁 1.50±0.57 1.44±0.54 1.44±0.56 1.46±0.55 1.55±0.51 0.51 焦虑 1.49±0.51 1.43±0.54 1.45±0.56 1.45±0.50 1.48±0.46 0.46 敌对 1.46±0.56 1.39±0.52 1.37±0.51 1.40±0.51 1.47±0.59 0.59 恐怖 1.32±0.45 1.31±0.45 1.28±0.44 1.34±0.47 1.38±0.42 0.42 偏执 1.51±0.56 1.45±0.54 1.42±0.52 1.43±0.51 1.52±0.50 0.50 精神病性 1.48±0.53 1.44±0.50 1.44±0.50 1.46±0.50 1.43±0.43 0.43
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表 4 2016—2019级SCL-90的因子效果量
Table 4. The effect quantity of each factor on SCL-90 from 2016 to 2019
项目 2016级 2017级 2018级 2019级 平均 躯体化 -0.02 -0.07 -0.15 -0.15 -0.10 强迫症状 0.13 -0.05 0.00 0.09 0.04 人际敏感 0.02 -0.20 -0.18 -0.09 -0.11 抑郁 -0.10 -0.22 -0.21 -0.17 -0.18 焦虑 0.02 -0.11 -0.07 -0.65 -0.20 敌对 0.01 -0.14 -0.17 -0.12 -0.11 恐怖 -0.14 -0.17 -0.13 -0.09 -0.13 偏执 -0.02 -0.14 -0.2 -0.18 -0.14 精神病性 0.11 -0.02 0.02 0.17 0.07 平均 0.00 -0.12 -0.12 -0.13 -0.09
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表 5 矿业类大学生在SCL-90量表的因子分、总分及阳性项目数的情况
Table 5. The factor scale, the score and the positive factors of the university students majored in mining on SCL-90
项目 2016级 2017级 2018级 2019级 平均占比%
n=2 863数量 占比/% 数量 占比/% 数量 占比/% 数量 占比/% 因子分大于等于2 躯体化 61 7.88 55 8.21 59 7.73 40 6.10 7.48 强迫症状 301 38.89 226 33.73 261 34.21 258 39.33 36.54 人际敏感 229 29.59 156 23.28 177 23.20 176 26.83 25.72 抑郁 132 17.05 98 14.63 117 15.33 105 16.01 15.76 焦虑 136 17.57 99 14.78 104 13.63 87 13.26 14.81 敌对 125 16.15 87 12.99 95 12.45 85 12.96 13.64 恐怖 79 10.21 65 9.70 70 9.17 71 10.82 9.98 偏执 149 19.25 115 17.16 123 16.12 97 14.79 16.83 精神病性 124 16.02 97 14.48 114 14.94 94 14.33 14.94 总分大于等于160 173 22.35 120 17.91 136 17.82 140 21.34 19.86 阳性项目数大于等于43 189 24.42 138 20.60 146 19.13 153 23.32 21.87
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