3D experimental investigation of multi-port caving technology in LTCC with extra-thick seams
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摘要: 为提高特厚煤层综放工作面顶煤回收率及放煤效率，重点研究了多口同时放煤的放煤方式。根据塔山煤矿8222工作面实际情况，进行了多口同时放煤三维相似模拟实验。结果表明：首次放煤时，单口放煤放出体大致呈下窄上宽的漏斗状，多口同时放煤放出体呈现中部宽、两端窄的特点，放煤量呈现单口＞双口＞三口的现象。首次放煤时，开口数目越多煤岩分界线的斜率越大，对顶煤的扰动范围越大，煤岩分界线的最低点越高，损失的低位顶煤越多，且煤岩分界线最低点基本在该组支架的中心位置；放煤结束后，三口组放出更多支架上方及前方的中低位顶煤，放煤量总体呈现三口＞双口＞单口的现象。Abstract: This paper investigated the multi-port caving technology to improve the top coal recovery and caving efficiency of the longwall top coal caving(LTCC)in extra-thick seams.The 3D drawing experiments are designed based on the actual geological conditions of Panel 8222 in the Tashan Coal Mine.Results indicated that in the initial drawing stage, the drawing body of single-port caving is roughly in the shape of a funnel with a narrow bottom and a wide upper part.The drawing body of multi-port coal caving is characterized by a wide middle and narrow ends, the coal caving volume shows single-port>double-port>three-port.During the initial drawing stage, the larger the number of openings, the greater the slope of the top coal boundary line; the larger the disturbance range to the top coal; and the higher the lowest point of the top coal boundary line, the more low-level top coal is lost.The lowest point of the top coal boundary is basically at the center of the group of supports.When the advance of the panel is completed, the three caving ports release more medium and low-level top coal above and in front of the supports, the coal caving volume generally shows three ports>double ports>single port.
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图 1 塔山煤矿8222工作面综合柱状图
Figure 1. Partial geologic column of Panel 8222 in Tashan coal mine
图 2 特厚煤层走向长壁放顶煤相似模拟实验[21]
Figure 2. Physical experiment of LTCC with an extra-thick seam
图 3 各组实验初次放煤标志颗粒分布三维视图
Figure 3. Three-dimensional view of particle distribution of initial coal caving marks in each group of experiments
图 4 各组实验移架前标志颗粒分布(倾向平面视图)
Figure 4. Distribution map of marker particles before rack removal in each group of experiments(inclined plane view)
图 5 各组不同移架次数下放出标志颗粒反演
Figure 5. Inversion of the released marker particles under different rack-moving steps in each group
图 6 不同走向长度上标志颗粒放出个数
Figure 6. The number of marker particles released in different strike lengths
图 7 不同顶煤高度上标志颗粒放出个数
Figure 7. The number of marker particles released at different top coal heights
图 8 移架放煤起始煤岩分界面(倾向视图)
Figure 8. The coal-rock interface at the beginning of the coal caving without moving the frame(inclination view)
图 10 各组不同移架次数下煤岩分界线(走向视图)
Figure 10. Top coal boundary line(strike view)under different frame shifting steps of each group
图 11 煤岩分界线回勾现象
Figure 11. The lower part of top coal boundary towards the no-drawing area
图 12 单口组放煤移架前放煤量
Figure 12. Coal caving amount before moving the single-port group coal caving rack
图 13 单口放煤移架后放煤量
Figure 13. The amount of coal discharged after the single-port coal discharge is moved to the rack
图 14 双口、三口组各支架放煤量统计
Figure 14. Coal caving capacity of each support for double-port and three-port coal caving
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