Review on the purification mechanism of mine water by coal mine underground reservoir
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摘要: 煤矿地下水库对矿井水的净化作用主要在于库内岩体与矿井水发生的水-岩耦合作用。本文系统梳理了煤矿地下水库水-岩耦合作用的研究方法，指出水样水质测试和岩样理化性质表征项目，并通过静态模拟、动态淋滤、循环净化模拟等试验，探索煤矿地下水库对矿井水的净化规律，利用数值模拟获取反应过程中离子的选择性吸附趋势，结合Piper三线图、Gibbs模型和相关性分析等方法揭示水-岩耦合作用机理。论述了煤矿地下水库对矿井水中悬浮物、特征离子和有机物的净化作用和研究进展，研究表明，煤矿地下水库对矿井水具有一定的净化效果，其中对特征离子的净化主要与溶滤和吸附作用相关；提出了未来煤矿地下水库净化技术的3个研究方向：①基于水-岩耦合净化作用的井下矿井水大规模低成本处理技术；②耦合多种水处理技术的煤矿地下水库“三位一体”水质控制技术；③浓盐废水井下存储及资源化利用技术。Abstract: The purification effect of coal mine groundwater reservoir on mine water mainly lies in the water-rock coupling between the rock mass and mine water.This paper systematically reviews the research methods of water-rock coupling in coal mine underground reservoirs, and presents the characterization methods of water quality and physicochemical properties of rock samples.It employs static simulation, dynamic leaching, cycle purification simulation and other tests to explore the purification regulation of mine water in coal mine underground reservoir, uses numerical simulation to obtain the selective adsorption trend of ions in the reaction process, and combines Piper three-line diagram, Gibbs model and correlation analysis to reveal the mechanism of water-rock coupling.The purification effect and research progress of suspended solids, specific ions and organic matter in coal mine underground reservoirs are discussed.The paper shows that underground reservoir of coal mine has a certain purification effect on mine water, and the purification effect of specific ions is mainly related to filtration and adsorption.Three research directions of coal mine underground reservoir purification technology in the future are proposed: ①developing large-scale and low-cost treatment technologies for underground mine water based on water-rock coupling purification, ②developing a "three-in-one" water quality control technology for coal mine underground reservoirs coupled with multiple water treatment technologies, and ③exploring the underground storage and resource utilization technology of concentrated salt wastewater for the future studies of water-rock coupling.
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图 1 煤矿地下水库对矿井水悬浮物、特征离子和有机物的作用效果
Figure 1. Purification effect of coal mine groundwater reservoir on mine water suspended solids, characteristic ions and organic matter
图 4 矿井水动态沉降模拟实验系统
Figure 4. Simulation experiment system of mine water dynamic settlement
表 1 水样测试项目及方法
Table 1. Water sample testing projects and methods
检测项目 单位 测试方法 仪器设备 pH值 — 玻璃电极法 酸度计 电导率 μS·cm-1 电极法 电导率仪 悬浮物 mg·L-1 重量法 电热鼓风干燥箱、分析天平 浊度 NTU 散射法-福尔马肼标准 浊度计 TDS mg·L-1 称量法 电热鼓风干燥箱、分析天平 CO32、HCO3- mg·L-1 滴定法 滴定管 Na+、K+、Ca2+、Mg2+ mg·L-1 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱法 电感耦合等离子体发射光谱仪 SO42-、Cl- mg·L-1 离子色谱法 离子色谱仪 Fe、Mn、Pb、Cu、Zn、Cr、Cd mg·L-1 四级杆电感耦合等离子体质谱法 等离子体质谱仪 
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表 2 岩样测试项目及方法
Table 2. Water sample testing projects and methods
测试项目 实验方法/实验仪器 矿物定性、半定量分析 X射线衍射仪(XRD) 元素定性、半定量分析 X射线荧光光谱分析(XRF) 比表面积、孔隙率分析 快速比表面/孔隙分析仪(BET) 表面形貌分析 扫描电子显微镜(SEM)
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