Temporal and spatial distribution and prevention of dust in mining area based on digital fractal principle
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摘要: 为减少露天煤矿粉尘弥散对矿区环境及人员、设备的危害，本文以河曲露天煤矿为工程背景，开展了露天煤矿粉尘运移、分布及治理研究。结果表明：①利用现场监测手段分析了不同区域的粉尘浓度变化情况，确定了露天煤矿产尘主要区域。②将分形维数引入粉尘的运移和分布当中，研究了粉尘粒径、风速与分形维数之间的相互关系。③以高分子材料为主体进行化学抑尘剂的配比研究，研发了一种清洁高效、低成本的化学抑尘剂，该化学抑尘剂对于粉尘颗粒具有较好的捕捉效果并且能够在喷洒后形成薄膜防止二次起尘。Abstract: In order to reduce the harm of dust dispersion in open-pit coal mine to the mining environment and the damage of personnel and equipment, this paper carried out the research on dust migration, distribution and treatment in open-pit coal mine by taking Hequ open-pit coal mine as the engineering background.The results show that: ①by means of on-site monitoring, this study analyzes the changes of dust concentration in different areas, and further determines the main dust producing areas of open-pit coal mine; ②The fractal dimension is introduced into the migration and distribution of dust, and the relationship between dust particle size, wind speed and fractal dimension is studied; ③A clean, efficient and low-cost chemical dust inhibitor was developed by studying the ratio of chemical dust inhibitor based on polymer materials.The chemical dust inhibitor has a good capture effect on dust particles and can form a film after spraying to prevent secondary dust.
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Key words:
- dust particles /
- fractal dimension /
- polymer materials /
- chemical dust inhibitor
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图 2 各监测点监测内容浓度曲线
Figure 2. Concentration curve of monitoring contents at each monitoring point
图 3 粉尘粒径与分形维数关系
Figure 3. Relationship between dust particle size and fractal dimension
图 5 5种化学抑尘剂考核指标对比
Figure 5. Comparison of assessment indexes of five chemical dust inhibitors
图 6 化学抑尘剂喷淋前后及固结成膜效果对比
Figure 6. Comparison of effects of chemical dust inhibitor before and after spraying and consolidation film formation
表 1 正交试验因素水平设计
Table 1. Orthogonal experimental factor level design
% 水平 聚乙烯醇A 可溶性淀粉B 表面活性剂C 成膜助剂D 1 2 0.5 1 1 2 4 0.7 2 1.5 3 6 0.9 3 2 
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表 2 正交试验设计
Table 2. Orthogonal experimental design
% 试验方案 聚乙烯醇A 可溶性淀粉B 表面活性剂C 成膜助剂D 1 2 0.5 1 1 2 2 0.7 2 1.5 3 2 0.9 3 2 4 4 0.5 2 2 5 4 0.7 3 1 6 4 0.9 1 1.5 7 6 0.5 3 1.5 8 6 0.7 1 2 9 6 0.9 2 1
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表 3 化学抑尘剂考核指标测定结果
Table 3. Test results of assessment indicators of chemical dust inhibitor
编号 聚乙烯醇A 可溶性淀粉B 表面活性剂C 成膜助剂D 失水率/% 抑尘率/% 表面张力/(mN·m-1) 渗透性/(mm·h-1) 黏度/(mPa·s) 1 2 0.5 1 1.0 95 83 18.6 46.3 252.47 2 2 0.7 2 1.5 92 86 19.1 44.8 266.24 3 2 0.9 3 2.0 87 87 21.8 43.2 283.54 4 4 0.5 2 2.0 90 91 20.3 44.5 270.81 5 4 0.7 3 1.0 85 93 22.1 43.6 286.92 6 4 0.9 1 1.5 83 90 24.6 40.2 310.24 7 6 0.5 3 1.5 84 89 24.3 43.1 360.27 8 6 0.7 1 2.0 83 92 25.7 40.8 396.54 9 6 0.9 2 1.0 80 90 26.4 38.7 437.62
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表 4 4种因素在3种水平下对应的K值及R值
Table 4. Corresponding K value and R value of 4 factors at the level of 3
Kn-m及Rn 聚乙烯醇A 可溶性淀粉B 表面活性剂C 成膜助剂D Kn-m及Rn 聚乙烯醇A 可溶性淀粉B 表面活性剂C 成膜助剂D K1-1 274 269 261 260 K3-3 76.4 72.8 68.20 67.80 K1-2 258 260 262 259 R3 6.9 5.9 2.90 0.90 K1-3 247 250 256 260 K4-1 134.3 133.9 127.30 128.60 R1 27 19 6 1 K4-2 128.3 129.2 128.00 128.10 K2-1 256 263 265 266 K4-3 122.6 122.1 129.90 128.50 K2-2 274 271 267 265 R4 11.7 11.8 2.60 0.10 K2-3 271 267 269 270 K5-1 802.25 883.55 1 000.33 977.01 R2 18 8 4 5 K5-2 867.97 949.7 974.67 936.75 K3-1 59.5 63.2 68.9 67.1 K5-3 1 194.43 1 031.4 930.73 950.89 K3-2 67 66.9 65.8 68 R5 392.18 1 47.85 69.60 40.26
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表 5 化学抑尘剂各考核指标最优方案
Table 5. Optimal scheme for each assessment index of chemical dust inhibitor
编号 实验方案 化学抑尘剂成分及质量分数/% 聚乙烯醇 可溶性淀粉 马来酸 硫酸盐 表面活性剂 成膜助剂 1 A1B1C2D1 2 0.5 3 1 2 1.0 2 A1B1C3D1 2 0.5 3 1 3 1.0 3 A2B2C2D3 4 0.7 6 2 2 2.0 4 A2B2C3D3 4 0.7 6 2 3 2.0 5 A3B3C3D2 6 0.9 9 3 3 1.5
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