A study on collision warning of gas wells in coal-gas cross mining area
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摘要: 伴随着多种矿产资源协同交叉开采逐渐常态化，天然气井安全形势日渐严峻。以鄂尔多斯盆地煤-气交叉开采为研究对象，提出了基于振动波监测的防碰撞预警技术方法，防止掘进机与天然气井碰撞事故的发生。通过钢管敲击振动试验及煤矿井下掘进振动试验，研究振动波在钢管及煤岩中的衰减规律，并根据振动衰减规律推导出掘进机到天然气井距离计算公式。研究结果表明：振动波在钢管和煤岩中传播衰减系数不同，但衰减规律基本相同，均符合指数衰减规律，振动波先急速衰减，随后缓慢衰减。为实现地面监测井下掘进机到天然气井的距离、防止碰撞、预测预警提供参考。Abstract: Along with the gradual normalization of coordinated cross-mining of multiple mineral resources, the safety situation of natural gas wells has become increasingly serious. Taking coal-gas cross-mining in the Ordos Basin as the research object, this paper proposed an anti-collision early warning method based on vibration wave monitoring prevent the occurrence of collision accidents between roadheader and gas well. Through the steel pipe percussion vibration test and coal mine excavation vibration test, the attenuation law of vibration waves in the steel pipe and coal rock is studied, and the formula for calculating the distance from the roadheader to the natural gas well is deduced according to the vibration attenuation law. The results show that the attenuation coefficients of vibration waves in steel pipes and coal rocks are different, but the attenuation laws are basically the same, both conforming to the exponential attenuation law, with the vibration waves first decaying rapidly and then slowly. It provides a reference for the realization of surface monitoring of the distance from the roadheader to the natural gas well, preventing collision and predicting early warning.
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Key words:
- cross-mining /
- natural gas well /
- vibration wave /
- attenuation law /
- collision monitoring
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图 2 防碰撞监测原理示意图
E1—地面监测到的振幅均方根值，m/s2；E2—掘进机产生的振幅均方根值，m/s2；E3—振动能量沿煤层传到天然气井处的振幅均方根值，m/s2；α1—振动在天然气井中的衰减系数，m-1；α2—振动在煤层中的衰减系数，m-1；L—煤层到监测点的垂直距离，m；X—掘进机到天然气井的水平距离，m
Figure 2. Diagram of anti-collision monitoring principle
图 4 井下掘进振动试验传感器布置示意图
Figure 4. Diagram of underground excavation vibration test sensor arrangement
图 5 钢管振动试验1各测点时域波形
Figure 5. Time domain waveforms at each measurement point of steel pipe vibration test 1
图 6 钢管振动1~4组均方根归一化指数拟合曲线
Figure 6. Fitted graphs of the root mean square normalised index for steel pipe vibration groups 1~4
图 7 井下掘进振动试验2各测点时域波形
Figure 7. Time domain waveforms at each measurement point of the underground excavation vibration test 2
图 8 井下掘进振动1~4组均方根归一化指数拟合
Figure 8. Fitted graphs of the root mean square normalised index for underground excavation vibration groups 1~4
表 1 煤矿试验传感器布置及距振源距离
Table 1. Coal mine test sensor arrangement and distance from vibration source
传感器 距贯通点距离/m 距掘进机距离/m 1 0 20 2 20 32.58 3 50 59.78 4 80 88.72 
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表 2 钢管振动波有效值及归一化
Table 2. RMS values and normalisation of steel pipe vibration waves
试验1 距离/m 0 10 20 30 40 1组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 1.480 78 0.757 73 0.125 25 0.118 14 0.107 16 归一化 1 0.511 71 0.084 58 0.079 78 0.072 37 2组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 8.038 94 3.333 96 0.388 08 0.328 30 0.275 38 归一化 1 0.414 73 0.048 28 0.040 84 0.034 26 3组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 8.885 66 3.835 72 0.932 96 0.422 38 0.376 32 归一化 1 0.431 68 0.105 00 0.047 54 0.042 35 4组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 3.218 32 1.446 48 0.149 94 0.123 48 0.125 44 归一化 1 0.449 45 0.046 58 0.038 36 0.038 97
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表 3 井下掘进振动波有效值及有效值归一化
Table 3. The effective value of underground excavation vibration wave and its normalization
试验2 距离/m 20 32.58 59.78 88.72 1组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 0.017 15 0.012 84 0.004 31 0.001 96 归一化 1 0.748 69 0.251 31 0.114 29 2组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 0.006 96 0.004 61 0.001 96 0.001 18 归一化 1 0.662 36 0.281 61 0.169 54 3组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 0.007 55 0.005 29 0.002 45 0.001 27 归一化 1 0.700 66 0.324 50 0.168 21 4组 绝对值/(m·s-2) 0.013 43 0.008 82 0.002 55 0.002 17 归一化 1 0.656 74 0.189 87 0.161 58
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