Characteristic of the water-conducting fracture zone development in thick overburden working face with extra-large mining height in western mining area
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摘要: 为了获得西部矿区部分厚基岩、中等埋深赋存条件下特大采高工作面裂隙发育特征，以上湾矿12401工作面为例，采用经验公式、数值模拟与现场实测相结合的方法进行了对比研究。结果表明：现阶段针对我国东西部矿区典型地质条件获得的经验公式很难适用于本文特大采高、厚基岩、中等埋深地质条件下的工作面。基于西部矿区地质条件的经验公式预测结果明显偏大，而基于东部矿区地质条件的经验公式预测结果则明显偏小。基于损伤本构模型的数值模拟结果与实测结果误差小于5 %，工作面推进过程中导水裂隙带的发育特征为：由于覆岩软硬岩层的存在，导水裂隙带向上呈台阶形发育；裂隙带形态随着采动程度的变化从“拱形”(三维“壳形”)转变为“马鞍形”(三维“盆状形”)的发育过程。Abstract: In order to obtain the fracture development characteristics of the working face with extra-large mining height under the condition of thick overburden and medium mining depth in mining areas in China's western regions, this paper adopted a comparative study by combining empirical equations, numerical simulation and field measurement in the panel 12401 of the Shangwan coal mine.The results show that the empirical equations drawn from data from the typical geological conditions of mining areas in eastern and western China are difficult to apply to this panel with extra-large mining height, thick overburden and medium buried depth.The prediction values of the empirical equations based on data from the geological condition in the western mining regions are generally higher, which are significantly smaller in the eastern mining regions.The value predicted by the numerical simulation based on the damage constitutive model is closer to the measured value than those derived from using empirical equations, with a relative error of less than 5 %.The paper obtained the characteristics of the water-conducting fracture zone development: due to the existence of soft and hard rock in the overburden, the water-conducting fracture zone develops upward as a step, and the shape changes from "arch"(three-dimensional "shell") to "saddle"(three-dimensional "basin shape") with the variation of mining degree.
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图 1 12401工作面平面布置图与对应的钻孔柱状图
Figure 1. Panel layout and borehole columnar of the panel 12401
图 3 基于新损伤本构模型的补连塔12511工作面实测验证
Figure 3. Experimental verification based on the constitutive model of the panel 12511 in Bulianta coal mine
图 8 导水裂隙带形态实测与模拟对照
Figure 8. Comparison between measured and numerical simulated shape of the water-conducting fracture zone
表 1 典型经验公式统计
Table 1. Typical empirical equations statistic
序号 经验公式 研究背景 预测结果/m 文献 1 $H_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{100 \sum M}{1.6 \sum M+3.6} \pm 5.6 $ 东部矿井中硬覆岩 44.17~55.37 [9] 2 $ H_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{100 M}{0.095 M+7.28} \pm 8.62$ 神东矿区中硬覆岩 99.81~117.05 [15] 3 $ H_{\mathrm{d}}=0.9 H_{\mathrm{j}}+\frac{10 \sum M}{5.2 M+1.9} \pm 20.0 $ 神东矿区 156.44~196.44 [32] 4 $ H_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{100 M}{0.71 M+4.82}$ 东部矿井中硬覆岩 79.51 [14] 5 $ H_{\mathrm{d}}=\frac{100 M}{0.23 M+6.1} \pm 10.42$ 厚煤层中硬覆岩 97.9~118.74 [10] 6 Hd=13.96+5.164M+15.496b+0.022H 改进模型 75.60 [33] 7 Hd=22.080+3.741M+14.648b+0.018H 东部矿井 69.77 [7] 8 $ H_{\mathrm{d}}=3.41 M+27.12 b+1.85 \ln l+0.11 \mathrm{e}^{5.346-\frac{426.243}{H}}+0.64 v+6.11$ 东部矿井 76.5 [5-6] 9 Hd=-10.27+61.30ln M+11.82Mb-0.23Mv 神东矿区 182.89 [12] 10 $H_{\mathrm{d}}=25.12 M-3.22 M^{2}+0.14 M^{3}+17.93 b^{0.44}+0.05 L-0.0003 L^{2}+0.079 \mathrm{e}^{4.397-\frac{70}{H}}-\frac{4.37}{\alpha}-14.91 $ 东部矿井 59.01 [13] 11 Hd=36.67+[5.4+0.18ln(L-89.99)+5.22b-1.22ln v+1.02ln(H+30.18)]M 神东矿区 152.11 [11] 注：Hd为导水裂隙带高度，m; M为采高，m; L为工作面宽度，m; l为工作面斜长，m; b为硬岩比例系数; v为推进速度，m/d; H为开深度，m; Hj为基岩厚度，m; α为煤层倾角，(°)。 
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表 2 模型中岩层的物理力学参数
Table 2. Physico-mechanical parameters of strata in the model
岩性 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 内摩擦角/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa 内聚力/MPa 密度/(kg·m-3) 风积沙 0.08 0.02 36.5 0 0.08 1 580 粗粒砂岩 6.30 5.50 30.0 1.78 4.0 2 372 中粒砂岩 8.10 6.37 28.1 1.73 4.6 2 484 细粒砂岩 8.40 6.70 22.4 3.57 4.9 2 615 砂质泥岩 3.18 2.40 18.0 3.77 3.8 2 330 粉砂岩 3 2.47 24.7 2.56 6.2 2 295 泥岩 2.13 0.93 36.6 4.18 3.1 2 311 1-2煤 1.51 5.70 23.6 1.69 2.5 1 280
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表 3 采空区单元双屈服模型力学参数
Table 3. Mechanical parameters of the double yield gob elements
应变 0.00 0.02 0.05 0.07 0.10 0.12 0.15 0.17 0.20 应力/MPa 0.00 0.10 0.30 0.60 1.25 2.25 5.00 10.0 20.0
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表 4 模拟数据与实测数据分析模型汇总
Table 4. Numerical simulation data and measured data analysis model
校正测定系数R2 自由度 平方和 均方差 F值 F显著性统计量 F临界值 0.94 1 0.03 0.03 0.01 0.001 027 4.96
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表 5 不同方法结果对比
Table 5. The comparison of different method results
方法 导水裂隙带高度/m 相对误差/% 裂采比 钻孔实测 120.47~134.46 — 14.19~15.84 公式1 44.17~55.37 -63.33~-58.82 6.29~5.02 公式2 99.81~117.05 -17.09~-12.95 11.34~13.3 公式3 156.44~196.44 29.86~46.10 17.78~22.32 公式4 79.51 -40.87 9.04 公式5 97.9~118.74 -18.73~-11.69 11.13~13.49 公式6 75.60 -43.78 8.59 公式7 69.77 -48.11 7.93 公式8 76.5 -43.11 8.69 公式9 182.89 36.02 20.78 公式10 59.01 -56.11 6.71 公式11 152.11 13.13 17.29 数值模拟 114.84~133.32 -4.67~-0.85 13.05~15.15
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