Experimental study on the proportion of similar materials for different geological structures of coal seams
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摘要: 为研究煤岩层与隐蔽地质异常体地球物理响应特征，本文基于矿井工作面煤岩层结构设计，构建煤岩隐蔽致灾异常体实体1∶1大型物理模型进行模拟实验。采用煤粉、砂石、水泥等材料通过正交试验方法对新元矿的煤层、顶底板、陷落柱和断层等进行相似材料配比与制作工艺实验以及物性参数实验测试，并将获得的波速、电阻率、介电常数等物性参数实验数据与原煤样及现场综合探测结果对比分析，最终确定物理模型各地质构造单元的最优施工配比；煤层模拟选用煤粉、砂和水泥含量分别为55 %、10 % 和25 %；顶板选择砂胶比为3，石膏水泥比为2∶8的配比；底板选择砂胶比为2.5，石膏水泥比为3∶7的配比；陷落柱选用砂57.5 %、煤10 %、石膏4.5 %、水泥18 % 的实验配比。研究结果为实验室矿井探测装备技术实验平台建设提供数据支撑。Abstract: This paper based on coal strata structure of mine working face, a one-to-one physical model of coal and rock concealed disaster-causing abnormal body is designed and constructed which is used to study the geophysical response characteristics of coal strata and hidden geological anomalies.Selected pulverized coal, gravel and sand, cement as raw materials to study similar material ratio and manufacturing process experiment of coal seams, roofs and floors, collapse columns and faults in Xinyuan Mining by applying the orthogonal design method.In addition, a variety of parameters on physical property were tested.Based on the experimental data of physical parameters such as wave velocity, resistivity and dielectric constant, the optimal construction ratio of each geological structure in the underground physical model was determined by comparing the original coal samples and the comprehensive detection results.Coal powder, sand and cement contents of 55 %, 10 % and 25 % were selected for coal seam simulation; The sand cement ratio is 3 and gypsum cement ratio is 2∶8 for the roof of coal seam; The ratio of sand cement ratio is 2.5 and gypsum cement ratio is 3∶7 for coal seam floor; The test proportions of sand 57.5 %, coal 10 %, gypsum 4.5 % and cement 18 % were selected for the collapse column.The above provides quantitative support for laboratory construction of mining detection equipment technology test platform of the project.
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Key words:
- similar material /
- orthogonal test /
- physical model /
- coal seam /
- abnormal structure
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图 2 煤层试块纵波降序排列
Figure 2. Longitudinal wave descending sequence arrangement diagram of coal seam test block
图 3 陷落柱试块15 d纵波波速与时间关系
Figure 3. 15 d longitudinal wave velocity and time diagram of collapse column test block
图 4 顶底板试块纵波波速随围压变化
Figure 4. Longitudinal wave velocity variation with confining pressure of the top and bottom test blocks
图 6 煤层试块不同含煤率电阻率变化
Figure 6. Resistivity variation diagram of test block with different coal content
图 7 试块不同含砂率电阻率变化
Figure 7. Resistivity variation diagram of test block with different sand content
表 1 细煤粉煤层相似材料配比方案
Table 1. Ratio scheme of similar materials in fine pulverized coal seams
% 配比编号 细煤粉 砂 水泥 A-7 40 20 30 A-8 40 25 25 B-6 45 15 30 B-7 45 20 25 B-8 45 25 20 C-4 50 10 30 C-6 50 15 25 C-7 50 20 20 C-8 50 25 15 E-4 55 10 25 F-5 58 12 20 G-4 60 10 20 G-6 60 15 15 I-2 65 5 20 I-4 65 10 15 I-6 65 15 10 K-1 70 0 20 K-2 70 5 15 L-1 75 0 15 L-2 75 5 10 
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表 2 粗煤粉煤层相似材料配比方案
Table 2. Ratio scheme of similar materials in coarse pulverized coal seams
% 配比编号 煤粉 砂 水泥 E-6 55 15 20 G-4 60 10 20 G-7 60 20 10 H-5 63 12 15 I-3 65 8 17 I-4 65 10 15 J-4 68 10 13 K-4 70 10 15 L-3 75 8 12 M-1 80 0 15
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表 3 顶底板配比方案
Table 3. Roof and floor ratio scheme
编号 砂胶比 石膏水泥比 DA-1 2.0 2∶8 DA-2 3∶7 DA-3 4∶6 DA-4 5∶5 DB-1 2.5 2∶8 DB-2 3∶7 DB-3 4∶6 DB-4 5∶5 DC-1 3.0 2∶8 DC-2 3∶7 DC-3 4∶6 DC-4 5∶5 DD-1 3.5 2∶8 DD-2 3∶7 DD-3 4∶6 DD-4 5∶5
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表 4 陷落柱X78地震纵横波速度原位测试结果
Table 4. In-situ test results of compressional and shearing wave velocity of collapse column X78
参数 序号 平均 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 纵波速度/ (m·s-1) 底板 4 800 2 120 3 145 2 653 4 215 3 216 3 562 3 387 顶板 5 760 2 565 3 837 3 263 5 142 3 891 4 381 4 120 横波速度/ (m·s-1) 底板 2 824 1 247 1 850 1 561 2 479 1 892 2 095 1 993 顶板 3 388 1 509 2 257 1 919 3 025 2 289 2 577 2 423
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表 5 断层F5纵横波速度原位测试结果
Table 5. In situ test results of compressional and shearing wave velocity of fault F5
参数 序号 平均 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 纵波速度/ (m·s-1) 底板 3 333 5 000 5 000 2 000 1 000 1 000 769 2 586 侧帮 4 286 3 333 2 500 2 000 2 500 2 500 3 333 2 921 顶板 4 100 6 050 6 000 2 380 1 220 1 200 907 3 122 横波速度/ (m·s-1) 底板 1 961 2 941 2 941 1 176 588 588 452 1 521 侧帮 2 521 1 961 1 471 1 176 1 471 1 471 1 961 1 719 顶板 2 412 3 559 3 529 1 400 718 706 534 1 837
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