Analysis and evaluation of essential factors for rock burst mechanism
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摘要: 本文提出了冲击地压的能量特征和机理要素，初步建立了巷道冲击地压机理评价指标与体系(简称"3+4"指标体系)，体系的主准则层为冲击地压的能量释放特征指标和机理要素指标，次准则层为能量释放突然性、瞬间性、集中性以及形成要素、关键要素、假设条件、普遍规律性。采用层次分析法计算了各准则层的权重，提出了综合评价结果的计算方法和分级标准。按照建立的冲击地压机理评价指标体系对蝶型冲击地压机理进行评价，评价结果为"优秀"。研究结果可用于评价现有冲击地压机理，同时为冲击地压机理的后续研究指明了方向。Abstract: This paper puts forward the energy characteristics and mechanism elements of rock burst, and preliminarily establishes the evaluation index and system of roadway rock burst mechanism ("3 + 4" index system).The main criterion layer of the system is the energy release characteristic index of rock burst and the key element index of rock burst mechanism.The secondary criterion layer is sudden energy release, instantaneous energy release, concentrate energy release, and forming element, key element, hypothesis condition and universal regularity.The weight of each criterion layer is calculated by analytic hierarchy process method.The calculation method and classification standard of comprehensive evaluation results are put forward.According to the established evaluation index system of rock burst mechanism, the butterfly rock burst mechanism is evaluated, and the evaluation result is "excellent". The research results can be used to evaluate the existing rock burst mechanism, and point out the direction for the follow-up research of rock burst mechanism.
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图 1 蝶型冲击机理揭示的塑性区半径变化曲线
Figure 1. Plastic zone radius curve revealed by butterfly rock burst mechanism
图 2 破裂体与相关区域关系
Figure 2. Diagram of relationship between fracture body and related area
表 1 冲击地压机理的假设条件
Table 1. Hypothesis of evaluation mechanism
理论名称 假设条件 刚度理论 冲击地压是否发生的判据是矿柱刚度与围岩刚度之间的关系 强度理论 材料处在单轴压力条件下，且破坏是冲击地压性质的 能量理论 冲击地压是否发生的判据是围岩储存弹性能与破坏阻力之间的关系 冲击倾向性理论 煤岩体冲击倾向性是冲击事故的主要因素，与外界条件不相关 "三准则"理论 ①强度准则是煤岩体破坏准则；②能量准则及冲击倾向准则是突然破坏准则；③三个准则同时满足时才会导致冲击地压 失稳理论 ①冲击地压要在峰值强度以后，煤岩出现应变软化的情况下才有可能发生；②均匀介质，连续变形；③系统各向均处于静水压力作用下 "三因素"理论 ①结构面是导致冲击发生的主要结构因素；②只有同时满足内在条件、结构条件和应力条件时才有可能导致冲击地压 蝶型冲击机理 介质的连续变形 动静载原理 破坏是可积累的 冲击启动理论 ①冲击地压的发生经历三个阶段：启动-传递-显现；②冲击启动区为巷帮极限平衡区 
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表 2 准则层权重计算结果
Table 2. Weight calculation results of criterion layer
目标层 主准则层 主准则层权重 次准则层 次准则层权重 冲击地压机理评价 冲击地压能量释放的特征指标u1 0.50 能量释放突然性u11 0.16 能量释放瞬间性u12 0.54 能量释放集中性u13 0.30 冲击地压机理的要素指标u2 0.50 形成要素u21 0.20 关键要素u22 0.60 假设条件u23 0.08 普遍规律性u24 0.12
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表 3 评价等级取值区间
Table 3. Value range of evaluation grade
等级 优秀 良好 合格 较差 R值 [0.85~1] [0.7~0.85) [0.6~0.7) [0~0.6)
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