留言板

尊敬的读者、作者、审稿人, 关于本刊的投稿、审稿、编辑和出版的任何问题, 您可以本页添加留言。我们将尽快给您答复。谢谢您的支持!

姓名
邮箱
手机号码
标题
留言内容
验证码

关闭煤炭矿区资源利用与可持续发展的几点思考

王家臣 JürgenKretschmann 李杨

王家臣, JürgenKretschmann, 李杨. 关闭煤炭矿区资源利用与可持续发展的几点思考[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2021, 6(6): 633-641. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.06.001
引用本文: 王家臣, JürgenKretschmann, 李杨. 关闭煤炭矿区资源利用与可持续发展的几点思考[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2021, 6(6): 633-641. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.06.001
Wang Jiachen, Jürgen Kretschmann, Li Yang. Reflections on resource utilization and sustainable development of closed coal mining areas[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 6(6): 633-641. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.06.001
Citation: Wang Jiachen, Jürgen Kretschmann, Li Yang. Reflections on resource utilization and sustainable development of closed coal mining areas[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 6(6): 633-641. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.06.001

关闭煤炭矿区资源利用与可持续发展的几点思考

doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.06.001
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金重点项目 51934008

国家自然科学基金 52074293

河北省自然科学基金 E2020402041

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王家臣(1963—),男,黑龙江方正人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事厚煤层开采、岩层控制及露天矿边坡等方面的教学与科研工作。Tel:010-62339061,E-mail:wangjiachen@vip.sina.com

  • 中图分类号: TD82

Reflections on resource utilization and sustainable development of closed coal mining areas

  • 摘要: 随着中国能源结构的调整,煤炭开采从原来的分散式开采向精细化、集中化和精准化发展,矿井数量大幅度减少,大量资源枯竭及落后产能矿井面临关闭或废弃。这一转变将使中国现阶段及未来很长一段时间都将面临与德国相似的"后采矿"时代。从中国能源结构发展的大趋势以及煤炭资源开发的宏观战略来看,已经关闭和即将关闭的大量矿井或者矿区重新恢复开采的可能性不大。矿井的关闭或废弃不仅会带来水、大气等环境污染问题,还会带来企业职工难以安置、固定资产难以处理等社会经济问题。因此,本文针对矿区关闭或废弃后出现的问题,借鉴德国应对后采矿的处理方案、后采矿工业区资源可持续发展战略,对比中国对关闭矿区的处理案例,提出了应把矿区关闭后资源的利用纳入整个矿山开发的顶层设计中的理念,以及煤炭地下空间、矿井水等资源综合利用的思路。国内外虽提出了形式多样的废弃矿井利用方案,但总体利用率不高,仍需继续深入探究关闭矿区资源利用基础理论和手段方法,以及应对关闭矿区后发展需要的教育与技术人才培养措施。
  • 图  1  鲁尔河地区北部希思·基希勒·海德荒地湿地

    Figure  1.  Wetland of Heath Kirschler Hyde Wasteland in the northern Ruhr Region

    图  2  德国埃森Zollverein煤矿Ⅻ竖井井架工业遗产

    Figure  2.  Industrial heritage of shaft headframe Ⅻ of Zollverein Coal Mine in Essen, Germany

    图  3  鲁尔地区总体失业率与矿业劳动力的比较

    Figure  3.  Comparison of overall unemployment rate and mining labor force in Ruhr district

    图  4  煤矿开采地下空间可利用量

    Figure  4.  Available quantity of underground space in coal mining

    图  5  关闭矿区资源利用埋深分布

    Figure  5.  Distribution of buried depth of resource utilization in closed mining area

    表  1  南湖城市中央生态公园用地划分

    Table  1.   Land division of Nanhu City Central Ecological Park  hm2

    项目 面积 项目 面积
    市民广场 50.5 文化娱乐 21
    植物园 32.5 城市滨水绿地 20
    公共水域 93.5 酒店会议 22
    休闲娱乐 8.8 生态隔离缓冲 95.8
    湿地保存区 142.8 生态净化水域 106.7
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  京西煤矿转型计划

    Table  2.   Transformation plan of Jingxi coal mine

    序号 地点 功能划分
    1 千军台木城涧     矿区标高+250~+1050 m,两个矿区相距相邻,可联合开发,其地下空间相对较大的区域可用于建设井下实习基地、文化休闲、游乐场、博物馆、地下探险等
    2 长沟峪     矿区中密封性较好的巷道可用于建设地下水库、储能电站等
    3 大安山     矿区标高+600~+850 m,可接续千军台矿井用于建设地下房地产扩展区、地下废物储存、战略物资储备等
    4 大台     矿区-10 m水平与木城涧矿井相连,埋深较浅,可用于建设科学研究实验基地、博物馆、地下医院等
    下载: 导出CSV
  • [1] 朱训. 中国矿情[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 1999.
    [2] Unger C J, Lechner A, Glenn V, et al. Mapping and prioritising rehabilitation of abandoned mines in Australia[C]. Proceedings of the Life-of-Mine 2012, Maximising mine rehabilitation outcomes, AusIMM/CMLR, 2012.
    [3] U.S. Department of the Interior. Bureau of Land Management. BLM/WO/GI-13/007-3720[S]. Abandoned Mine Lands: A new Legacy. BLM Publication, 2013.
    [4] Tremblay G A, Hogan C M. Managing orphaned and abandoned mines-A Canadian perspective[C]. Dealing with Derelict Mines Summit 2016, CRC-Care, Singleton, NSW, Australia, 2016.
    [5] Kretschmann J, Hegemann M. New chances from old shafts. Risk management in abandoned mine sites in Germany[C]. Proceedings of the Annual Meeting of the Society for Mining, Metallurgy & Exploration, Seattle, Washington, USA, 2012.
    [6] 张道奎. 废弃矿山引起的环境地质灾害[J]. 冶金管理, 2020(1): 170-171. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJGL202001121.htm

    Zhang Daokui. Environmental geological disasters caused by abandoned mines[J]. China Steel Focus, 2020(1): 170-171. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-YJGL202001121.htm
    [7] 靳文. 废弃矿山引起的环境地质灾害与防治措施[J]. 黑龙江科学, 2017, 8(20): 68-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8646.2017.20.030

    Jin Wen. Environmental geological hazards caused by abandoned mines and its prevention and control measures[J]. Heilongjiang science, 2017, 8(20): 68-69. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1674-8646.2017.20.030
    [8] 张峰. 探井类废弃井的井筒清理工艺[J]. 石油技师, 2017(1): 30-32.

    Zhang Feng. Wellbore cleaning technology of abandoned exploration wells[J]. Petroleum Technician, 2017(1): 30-32.
    [9] 王新杰, 王新然. 废弃矿山环境地质灾害治理探讨[J]. 西部探矿工程, 2016, 28(8): 188-190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5716.2016.08.058

    Wang Xinjie, Wang Xinran. Discussion on the treatment of environmental geological disasters in abandoned mines[J]. West-China Exploration Engineering, 2016, 28(8): 188-190. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-5716.2016.08.058
    [10] 崔姗姗. 煤炭行业持续去产能带来的突出问题分析[J]. 现代国企研究, 2017(20): 119. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDGQ201720100.htm

    Cui Shanshan. Analysis on outstanding problems caused by continuous de capacity of coal industry[J]. Modern SOE Research, 2017(20): 119 https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-XDGQ201720100.htm
    [11] 邹光华, 田多, 师皓宇. 论采矿精神的内涵及其培养[J]. 煤炭高等教育, 2013, 31(4): 5-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTGJ201304002.htm

    Zou Guanghua, Tian duo, Shi Haoyu. On the connotation and training of mining spirit[J]. Meitan Higher Education, 2013, 31(4): 5-7. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTGJ201304002.htm
    [12] 谢和平, 高明忠, 高峰, 等. 关停矿井转型升级战略构想与关键技术[J]. 煤炭学报, 2017, 42(6): 1355-1365. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201706001.htm

    Xie Heping, Gao Mingzhong, Gao Feng, et al. Strategic conceptualization and key technology for transformation and upgrading of shut-down coal mines[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2017, 42(6): 1355-1365. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201706001.htm
    [13] 王宏利. 去产能后期面临的问题及对策[J]. 开放导报, 2019(4): 91-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6623.2019.04.018

    Wang Hongli. Problems and Countermeasures in the later period of capacity reduction[J]. China Opening Journal, 2019(4): 91-96. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1004-6623.2019.04.018
    [14] 侯宏杰. 我国煤炭行业去产能面临的问题及优化策略分析[J]. 内蒙古煤炭经济, 2016(24): 53, 59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0155.2016.24.030

    Hou Hongjie. Analysis on the problems and optimization strategies of China's coal industry de capacity[J]. Inner Mongolia Coal Economy, 2016(24): 53, 59. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1008-0155.2016.24.030
    [15] 郭卫东. 煤炭行业人才队伍培养中的问题与对策探析[J]. 劳动保障世界, 2019(27): 53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7243.2019.27.034

    Guo Weidong. Problems and Countermeasures in coal industry personnel training[J]. Labor security world, 2019(27): 53. doi: 10.3969/j.issn.1007-7243.2019.27.034
    [16] 王家臣, 李杨译. 做得好——德国应对后采矿的挑战[M]. 北京: 科学出版社, 2020.
    [17] Goerke-Mallet Peter, Melchers Christian, Müterthies Andresas. Innovative monitoring measures in the phase of post-mining[C]. Mining meets water-conflicts and solutions. Proceedings. IMWA, Leipzig, Germany, 2016.
    [18] Rampton J, McAteer N, Mozuraityte N, et al. Ex-Post Evaluation of 2010 European Capitals of Culture[R]. Final report for the European Commission Directorate General for Education and Culture, 2011.
    [19] ExtraSchicht: Home, ExtraSchicht Die Nacht der Industriekultur[A/OL]. (2018.01.01) https://www.extraschicht.de/home.
    [20] Statistik der Kohlenwirtschaft e. V., Daten and Downloads[A/OL]. (2018.04.21) https://www.kohlenstatistik.de/22-0-Aktualisierungen.html.
    [21] Ruhr Regionalverband. Ruhr Regional Association[A/OL]. (2021.01.01) https://www.metropoleruhr.de/regionalverband-ruhr/regionalstatistik/arbeit-und-soziales/arbeitsmarkt.html.
    [22] 温智, 张学俭. 采煤塌陷区生态恢复研究——以唐山市南湖采煤塌陷区为例[J]. 环境科学与管理, 2012, 37(S1): 116-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BFHJ2012S1038.htm

    Wen Zhi, Zhang Xuejian. Research on ecological rehabilitation of coal mining subsidence area — a case study of Tangshan South Lake[J]. Environmental Science and Management, 2012, 37(S1): 116-118. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-BFHJ2012S1038.htm
    [23] 赵柔嘉. 凝聚黑色魅力, 追忆工业文明——开滦国家矿山公园[J]. 中国安全生产, 2018, 13(8): 70-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGAQ201808035.htm

    Zhao Roujia. Condensing black charm and recalling industrial civilization-Kailuan National Mine Park[J]. China Occupational Safety and Health, 2018, 13(8): 70-71. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-ZGAQ201808035.htm
    [24] 贺震. 昔日塌陷区, 今日潘安湖[J]. 环境教育, 2018(12): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJJY201812041.htm

    He Zhen. Subsidence area in the past, Pan'anhu today[J]. Environmental Education, 2018(12): 84-87. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-HJJY201812041.htm
    [25] 谢和平, 王金华, 鞠杨, 等. 煤炭革命的战略与方向[M]. 科学出版社, 2018.
    [26] 袁亮, 姜耀东, 王凯, 等. 我国关闭/废弃矿井资源精准开发利用的科学思考[J]. 煤炭学报, 2018, 43(1): 14-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201801003.htm

    Yuan Liang, Jiang Yaodong, Wang Kai, et al. Scientific thinking on precise development and utilization of closed / abandoned mine resources in China[J]. Journal of China Coal Society, 2018, 43(1): 14-20. https://www.cnki.com.cn/Article/CJFDTOTAL-MTXB201801003.htm
  • 加载中
图(5) / 表(2)
计量
  • 文章访问数:  661
  • HTML全文浏览量:  224
  • PDF下载量:  110
  • 被引次数: 0
出版历程
  • 收稿日期:  2021-01-25
  • 修回日期:  2021-06-01
  • 刊出日期:  2021-12-01

目录

    /

    返回文章
    返回