Simulation study on influencing factors of coal wall sudden extrusion in heading face
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摘要: 基于河北邯郸郭二庄矿建立了掘进工作面三维数值模型，利用3DEC离散元模拟软件分析了煤层埋深、掘进速度及煤体力学强度对工作面煤体突然压出的影响，并采用正交试验法将各影响因素依据重要程度进行排序。研究结果表明：掘进工作面上固定点最大水平位移值与埋深变化基本呈正相关线性关系；煤壁压出位移方向均向巷道中轴线靠拢，且水平位移明显大于竖直位移；在埋深600~1 000 m条件下，工作面应力集中区宽度约10 m，应力峰值位置距工作面约5 m；影响掘进工作面煤壁突然压出因素，按照重要程度依次为煤层埋深 > 掘进速度 > 煤体力学强度。研究成果为进一步认识煤壁突然压出及预防措施提供参考。Abstract: A three-dimensional numerical model of heading face was established based on Guoerzhuang Coal Mine in Handan, Hebei Province. The effects of different coal seam depths, driving speed and coal mechanical strength on the coal wall sudden extrusion are analyzed by using 3DEC discrete element simulation software, and the orthogonal experiment method is used to rank the influencing factors according to the degree of importance. The results show that there is a positive linear correlation between the maximum horizontal displacement of the fixed point on the heading face and the change of the buried depth, and the direction of the coal wall extrusion displacement is close to the central axis of the roadway, and the horizontal displacement is obviously larger than the vertical displacement. Under the condition of the buried depth of 600 to 1 000 meters, the width of stress concentration area of working face is about 10 meters, and the position of the stress peak is about 5 meters from the working face. The factors affecting the coal wall sudden extrusion in heading face are in the following order: buried depth of coal seam > driving speed > mechanical strength of coal body. The research results provide a reference for further understanding of the coal wall sudden extrusion and preventive measures.
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图 5 不同埋深工作面水平位移
Figure 5. Horizontal displacement of working face with different buried depths
图 6 监测点水平位移随掘进时间变化
Figure 6. Horizontal displacement of monitoring point varies with driving time
图 7 动态采动下监测点水平位移变化
Figure 7. Horizontal displacement change of monitoring point under dynamic mining
图 8 不同埋深下工作面最大水平位移
Figure 8. Maximum horizontal displacement of working face at different buried depths
图 9 不同掘进速度下工作面最大水平位移
Figure 9. Maximum horizontal displacement of working face at different driving speeds
图 10 不同煤体强度下工作面最大水平位移
Figure 10. Maximum horizontal displacement of working face with different coal strength
表 1 模型力学参数
Table 1. Model mechanical parameters
岩层类别 密度/(kg·m-3) 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 内聚力/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 内摩擦角/(°) 厚度/m 泥岩 2 300 4.1 2.4 3.6 1.8 35 8.0 大青灰岩 2 600 5.0 4.0 2.8 3.5 36 5.0 闪长岩 2 800 4.56 2.32 5.7 3.65 54 24.5 煤层 1 400 1.0 0.46 1.2 0.6 28 3.5 粉砂岩 2 650 1.2 0.87 7.4 0.64 38 5.7 粉砂岩、泥岩互层 2 600 8.83 1.89 1.5 1.0 33 9.8 本溪灰岩 2 600 4.85 3.8 2.8 3.2 38 3.9 
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表 2 不同煤层埋深掘进模拟方案
Table 2. Simulation scheme in different seam depths
模拟方案 煤层埋深/m 上覆岩层压力/MPa 总掘进进尺/m 单位时间掘进进尺/m 单次掘进时间/d 总掘进时间/d 1 600 16 40 5 1 8 2 700 19 40 5 1 8 3 800 22 40 5 1 8 4 900 24 40 5 1 8 5 1 000 27 40 5 1 8
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表 4 试验煤样力学参数
Table 4. Mechanical parameters of test coal sample
力学强度 弹性模量/GPa 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa 泊松比 内聚力/MPa 摩擦角/(°) 抗拉强度/MPa 弱 0.4 0.63 0.145 0.39 0.34 22 0.2 中 1.2 1 0.46 0.3 1.2 28 0.6 强 4.2 2.5 1.72 0.22 2.11 34 2.6
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表 5 试验计算结果
Table 5. Experimental calculation results
试验方案 煤层埋深/m 掘进速度/(m·d-1) 试验煤样强度 煤壁最大水平位移/cm 1 600 5 强 6.338 8 2 1 000 10 弱 16.018 3 800 5 弱 9.669 7 4 800 10 强 9.854 8 5 600 1 弱 4.368 1 6 600 10 中 6.433 9 7 1 000 1 强 7.309 2 8 1 000 5 中 12.609 9 800 1 中 7.339 4
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