Conception of in-situ fluidization mining for deep metal mines
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摘要: 我国浅部金属矿资源已趋于枯竭，逐渐转入1 000 m以深的开采。深地金属矿床开采面临着高应力、高井温、高井深的特殊开采环境，采用传统的采矿模式难以实现深部资源的安全高效经济开采。结合深层金属矿产资源开采的趋势，本文提出并阐述深层金属矿产资源的原位流态化开采构想的定义、具体内容与挑战。根据转化方式，将深层金属矿原位流态化开采分为深层金属矿原位溶浸开采和采选充一体化两个方向。基于深层金属矿原位流态化开采构想，阐述了在深层岩体力学、原位溶浸开采理论、采选充一体化装备、开采环境监控及再造、智能高效开采等方面所面临的重大课题与挑战。Abstract: With the depletion of shallow surface metal mineral resources, China's underground metal mining was gradually transferred to deep mining (>1 000 m).Because of the special mining conditions of high stress, great lifting depth, and high temperature in deep mines, it is difficult to realize the safe, efficient, and economical exploitation of deep resources by using the traditional mining methodology.According to the trend of deep metal mineral resources, a novel idea of in-situ fluidization mining for deep metal mines was proposed.The definition, conception, and challenges were introduced.According to the transformation methods, in-situ fluidization mining can be divided into two parts: in-situ leaching mining, and integration of mining, processing and backfilling.Moreover, the major issues and challenges faced with in-situ fluidization mining, namely, deep rock mechanics, in-situ leaching mining theory, equipment of integration of mining, processing and backfilling, environment monitoring and reconstruction, intelligent and efficient mining, were expound.
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图 2 深层金属矿采选充一体化示意图
Figure 2. Schematic for integration of mining, processing and backfilling in deep metal mines
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