Lignite reverse flotation test process and mechanism
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摘要: 以内蒙古宝日希勒的褐煤为研究对象，通过煤泥反浮选试验和正交试验等，分析研究了褐煤的表面特性和浮选特性，探索提高褐煤浮选效果的药剂种类、用量和工艺。试验结果表明：十二胺(DDA)对褐煤的反浮选效果优于十八胺(ODA)和十六烷基三甲基溴化铵(CTAB); 当捕收剂DDA用量为1 400 g/t时，反浮选效率最大为6.89 %，浮选尾煤最低灰分为11.23 %，此时浮选尾煤产率为84.46 %，浮选精煤与浮选尾煤灰分差的最大值为5.25 %; 在DDA用量一定的情况下，当糊精用量为1 600 g/t时，浮选精煤灰分为15.58 %，浮选尾煤灰分为10.77 %，该差值达到4.81 %; DDA用量、糊精用量、仲辛醇用量对浮选尾煤产率的影响均不显著; DDA用量对浮选尾煤灰分的影响很显著，而糊精和仲辛醇用量对浮选尾煤灰分的影响不显著。对褐煤而言，连续多次反浮选工艺可以得到低灰分(10.20 %)、高回收率(达到70 % 以上)的精煤。胺类捕收剂由于其物理吸附和络合物吸附作用，对褐煤中石英、硅酸盐、碳酸盐等矿物质具有较好的捕收作用。在矿浆中，糊精中的氢原子与褐煤表面存在的大量氧、氮等强电负性的原子相互作用，形成作用力较强的氢键，从而在煤粒表面形成亲水薄膜，使得煤粒变得亲水而被抑制。Abstract: This paper takes the lignite coal sample from Baori Hiller of Inner Mongolia as the research object.Through the coal flotation reverse flotation test and orthogonal test, the surface characteristics and flotation characteristics of lignite were analyzed and studied, and the types, dosages and processes of the lignite flotation were investigated.The results showed that the de-flotation effect of dodecyl amine(DDA)on lignite was better than that of octadecyl amine(ODA)and cetyltrimethylammonium bromide(CTAB).When the DDA dosage is 1 400 g/t, the reverse flotation efficiency is 6.89 %, the floating tail minimum ash is 11.23 %, the floating tail yield is 84.46 %, and the maximum difference between the floating fine and floating tail ash is 5.25 %. When the dosage of DDA is fixed and the dosage of dextrin is 1 600 g/t, the floating ash is divided into 15.58 %, the floating ash is 10.77 %, and the difference is 4.81 %; The effect of the amount of DDA, dextrin and octanol on the yield of floating tail was not significant, while the effect of DDA on floating tail ash was significant, but the effect of dextrin and octanol on floating tail ash was not significant.For lignite, continuous low-floating(10.20 %)and high recovery(up to 70 %)of clean coal can be obtained by successive multiple reverse flotation processes.Amine collectors have a good collection effect on minerals such as quartz, silicate and carbonate in lignite due to their physical adsorption and complex adsorption.In the pulp, the hydrogen atoms in the dextrin interact with a large number of strongly electronegative atoms such as oxygen and nitrogen present on the surface of the lignite to form a strong hydrogen bond, thereby forming a hydrophilic film on the surface of the coal particles, so that the coal particles become hydrophilic and suppressed.
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Key words:
- lignite /
- reverse flotation /
- orthogonal test /
- flotation efficiency
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图 5 三种捕收剂的反浮选效果对比
Figure 5. Comparison of the anti-flotation effect of three collectors
表 1 正交试验因素及水平
Table 1. Orthogonal test factors and levels
g/t 水平 因素A 因素B 因素C DDA用量 糊精用量 仲辛醇用量 1 2 000 1 500 100 2 3 000 2 000 120 
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表 2 煤样的工业分析和元素分析
Table 2. Proximate analysis and elemental analysis of coal sample
% 工业分析 元素分析 水分 灰分 挥发分 固定碳 Cad Had Oad Nad St，ad 8.67 12.52 30.59 56.48 63.375 3.636 10.627 0.771 0.401
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表 3 小浮沉试验结果
Table 3. Test results of small floating and sinking
密度/(g·cm-3) 产率/% 灰分/% 浮物/% 沉物/% 累计产率 加权灰分 累计产率 加权灰分 ＜1.40 41.90 6.63 41.90 6.63 100.00 11.87 1.40~1.50 41.08 9.33 82.98 7.96 58.10 15.64 1.50~1.60 10.65 17.44 93.63 9.04 17.02 30.89 1.60~1.70 2.29 34.02 95.92 9.64 6.37 53.36 ＞1.70 4.08 64.22 100.00 11.87 4.08 64.22 总计 100.00 11.87 — — — —
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表 4 褐煤样品表面C、N、O三种化学元素的XPS峰值参数
Table 4. The parameters of the C、N、O XPS peak for the lignite sample
参数 原煤 C1S N1S O1S 峰高/a.u. 116 701.8 2 989.2 222 964.3 峰面积/(a.u.·min) 297 528.8 10 189.5 566 423.0 原子百分数/% 58.68 1.57 39.75
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表 5 正交试验结果
Table 5. Orthogonal test results
药剂用量/(g·t-1) 浮选精煤 浮选尾煤 加权灰分/% DDA 糊精 仲辛醇 产率/% 灰分/% 产率/% 回收率/% 灰分/% 2 000 1 500 100 6.38 20.12 93.62 94.47 11.73 12.27 2 000 1 500 120 9.5 18.87 90.5 91.41 11.64 12.33 2 000 2 000 100 8.04 18.69 91.96 93.01 11.52 12.10 2 000 2 000 120 8.89 19.28 91.11 91.90 11.76 12.43 3 000 1 500 100 11.04 18.95 88.96 90.13 11.37 12.21 3 000 1 500 120 8.09 19.11 91.91 92.91 11.57 12.18 3 000 2 000 100 9.52 20.18 90.48 91.88 11.17 12.03 3 000 2 000 120 14.46 20.42 85.53 87.09 10.92 12.29
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表 6 对尾煤产率的直观分析
Table 6. Intuitive analysis using floating tail as the indicator
参数 因素A(DDA) 因素B(糊精) 因素C(仲辛醇) 水平1平均值 91.797 5 91.247 5 91.255 水平2平均值 89.220 1 89.770 3 89.762 5 极差R值 2.577 5 1.477 5 1.492 5
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表 7 对尾煤产率的方差分析
Table 7. Variance analysis using floating tail as the indicator
变差来源 SSi 自由度f 方差MS 方差比F 方差分析 因素A(DDA) 13.287 012 5 1 13.287 012 5 2.769 519 576 F0.10(1，4)=4.54 因素B(糊精) 4.366 012 5 1 4.366 012 5 0.910 043 329 因素C(仲辛醇) 4.455 112 5 1 4.455 112 5 0.928 615 163 试验误差 19.190 350 0 4 4.797 587 5 F0.05(1，4)=7.71 总变差 41.298 487 5 7
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表 8 对浮选尾煤灰分的直观分析
Table 8. Intuitive analysis using ash of floating tail as the indicator
参数 因素A(DDA) 因素B(糊精) 因素C(仲辛醇) 水平1平均值 11.662 5 11.577 5 11.447 5 水平2平均值 11.257 5 11.342 5 11.472 5 极差R值 0.405 0.235 0.025
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表 9 对浮选尾煤灰分的方差分析
Table 9. Variance analysis using ash of floating tail as the indicator
变差来源 SSi 自由度f 方差MS 方差比F 方差分析 因素A(DDA) 0.328 05 1 0.328 05 8.463 076 427 F0.10(1，4)=4.54 因素B(糊精) 0.110 45 1 0.110 45 2.849 403 418 因素C(仲辛醇) 0.001 25 1 0.001 25 0.032 247 662 试验误差 0.155 05 4 0.038 762 F0.05(1，4)=7.71 总变差 0.594 80 7
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表 10 连续反浮选试验结果
Table 10. Results of continuous anti-flotation test
% 产物 浮选精煤1 浮选精煤2 浮选精煤3 浮选尾煤 产率 17.22 21.53 13.51 47.74 灰分 14.06 13.38 11.80 10.20 回收率 16.91 21.32 13.62 49.00
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