Geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential evaluation of source rocks in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
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摘要: 琼东南盆地深水区勘探程度低，对该区海陆过渡相与海相烃源岩生烃潜力评价研究，关系到该区下一步油气勘探方向。通过有机碳含量(TOC)测定、岩石热解分析、显微组分镜鉴、镜质体反射率(Ro)测试等实验分析，系统剖析了琼东南盆地深水区不同类型烃源岩的地球化学特征、生烃潜力。结果表明：琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩有机质丰度以崖城组最高，TOC均值1.37 %；陵水组和三亚组次之，TOC均值分别为0.91 % 和0.99 %；梅山组相对较低，TOC均值0.78 %。有机质热演化程度渐新统主要为成熟阶段，中新统主要为低成熟—成熟阶段。有机质类型渐新统以Ⅲ型为主、部分Ⅱ2型，中新统以Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主。综合评价表明，崖城组为中等—好烃源岩，生烃潜力较强；陵水组和三亚组为中等烃源岩，生烃潜力相对较好。Abstract: The deep-water area of Qiongdongnan Basin has a low degree of exploration.The evaluation of and research on the hydrocarbon generation potential of the marine-terrestrial transitional and marine source rocks in this area is related to the future direction of oil and gas exploration.Through organic carbon content(TOC)determination, rock pyrolysis analysis, microscopic composition identification, vitrinite reflectance(Ro) test and other experimental analysis, this paper systematically analyzes the geochemical characteristics and hydrocarbon generation potential of different types of source rocks in the deep water area of Qiongdongnan Basin.The results show that the source rock organic matter abundance in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin is the highest in the Yacheng Formation, with an average TOC of 1.37 %; the Lingshui Formation and Sanya Formation rank the second, with an average TOC of 0.91 % and 0.99 %; the Meishan group is relatively low, with an average TOC of 0.78 %.The degree of thermal evolution of organic matter is mainly in the mature stage of Oligocene, and the Miocene is mainly in the low-mature-mature stage.Organic matter types are mainly type Ⅲ in Oligocene, some are type Ⅱ2, and Miocene are mainly type Ⅱ2 and type Ⅲ.Comprehensive evaluation shows that the Yacheng Formation is a medium to good source rock with strong hydrocarbon generation potential; the Lingshui Formation and Sanya Formation are medium source rocks with relatively good hydrocarbon generation potential.
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图 1 琼东南盆地构造带划分及采样点位置图
Figure 1. The division of structural belts and the location of sampling points in Qiongdongnan Basin
图 3 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩有机碳含量分布频率图
Figure 3. TOC content frequency distribution of source rocks in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 4 琼东南盆地深水区L33-1井烃源岩地球化学数据剖面图
Figure 4. Geochemical characteristics of source rock in well L33-1 in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 5 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩D、Tmax及IH关系
Figure 5. Relations between D, Tmax and IH of source rocks in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 6 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩显微组分组成三角图
Figure 6. Ternary diagram of maceral composition of source rocks in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 7 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩镜质组反射率Ro分布频率
Figure 7. Ro distribution frequency of vitrinite reflectivity of source rock in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 8 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩镜质组反射率Ro随深度变化
Figure 8. Variation of reflectivity Ro of vitrinite formation of source rock with depth in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 9 琼东南盆地深水区烃源岩有机质丰度评价
Figure 9. Assessment of organic matter abundance of source rocks in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
图 10 琼东南盆地深水区不同层位烃源岩等级比例扇形图
Figure 10. Fan diagram of the ratio of source rock grades from different formations in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
表 1 琼东南盆地深水区不同层位烃源岩生烃潜力综合评价
Table 1. Comprehensive evaluation of hydrocarbon generation potential of source rocks form different formations in the deepwater area of Qiongdongnan Basin
层位 泥岩厚度/m TOC/% PG/(mg·g-1) 成熟度Ro/% 类型 综合评价结果 梅山组 71~321 0.36~1.90 0.12~3.81 0.46~0.86 Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主 中等—差 232 0.78 1.77 0.61 三亚组 14~803 0.25~1.84 0.10~5.80 0.46~0.91 Ⅱ2型和Ⅲ型为主 中等 352 0.99 2.19 0.63 陵水组 323~705 0.30~1.84 0.03~4.05 0.56~0.97 Ⅲ型为主，部分Ⅱ2型 中等 493 0.91 1.33 0.74 崖城组 48~533 0.25~2.40 2.46~8.76 0.67~1.22 Ⅲ型为主，部分Ⅱ2型 中等—好 320 1.37 5.24 0.87 注：TOC为总有机碳含量；PG为生烃潜量；Ro为镜质组反射率；表中数据格式为(最小值~最大值)/平均值。 
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