Control theory of uniform strength support in deep roadway
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摘要: 本文调查了大量的煤矿巷道现场破坏案例，提炼了6类15种典型破坏模式，分析了圆形与矩形巷道的围岩受力特征及应力分布规律。基于巷道围岩梯度破坏机理及矩形巷道等强梁支护模型，提出了深部巷道等强支护控制理论力学概念模型，即根据巷道围岩受力特征，采用开槽卸压、注浆加固、锚杆(索)主动支护、钢管混凝土被动支护等综合手段，有效调整巷道围岩的应力状态，以期实现不同位置围岩能够达到安全且与地应力比相匹配的等效应力状态，获得应力分布趋于均匀、塑性区范围相似的理想状态。给出了不同埋深、不同断面形状巷道所需的等强支护强度计算公式，数值模拟了圆形与矩形巷道在等强支护前、后围岩应力变化，验证了等强支护后围岩应力场能明显改善。等强支护控制模型一定程度上为深部巷道围岩控制提供了理论和实践指导。Abstract: In this paper, a large number of coal mine roadway failure cases are investigated, and 6 types and 15 typical failure forms are extracted.The mechanical characteristics and stress distribution of surrounding rock of typical roadway shapes such as circular and rectangular are analyzed.At present, the technology of high-strength prestressed bolt support, full space collaborative support and concrete filled steel tube support have shown certain advantages in deep surrounding rock control.Furthermore, based on the gradient failure mechanism of roadway surrounding rock and the uniform strength beam support model of rectangular roadway proposed by the author's team, the conceptual model of uniform strength support control theory for surrounding rock of deep roadway is put forward.According to the stress characteristics of roadway surrounding rock, the stress state of surrounding rock can be effectively adjusted by means of slotting and pressure relief, grouting, bolt (cable)support and passive support with concrete filled steel tube.The goal that the surrounding rock at different locations can reach the equivalent stress intensity state which is safe and matches the ground stress ratio can be achieved, and the ideal state that the stress distribution tends to be uniform and the plastic zone range of surrounding rock is similar can be obtained.The supporting strength of roadway with different buried depth and different section shape is calculated, and the calculation formula of support strength required by uniform strength is given.The stress changes of surrounding rock of circular and rectangular roadways before and after uniform strength support are simulated, and the stress field of surrounding rock can be significantly improved after uniform strength support is verified.Uniform strength support control model provide theoretical and practical guidance for surrounding rock control of deep roadway to a certain extent.
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图 7 不同侧压系数下圆形巷道围岩应力分布
Figure 7. The stress distribution of circular roadway surrounding rock under different side pressure coefficients
图 8 Z平面矩形巷道到ζ平面单位圆的映射关系
Figure 8. Mapping relationship between Z plane rectangle and ζ plane unit circle
图 9 不同宽高比及侧压系数条件下矩形巷道围岩应力分布
Figure 9. The stress distribution of rectangular roadway urrounding rock under
图 11 巷道等强支护控制理论概念模型示意图
Figure 11. Schematic diagram of conceptual modelof uniform strength support control theory
图 12 等强支护控制理论示意图
Figure 12. Schematic diagram of uniform strength support control theory
图 13 钢管混凝土支架现场应用实例
Figure 13. Field application of steel tube confined concrete support
表 1 不同宽高比的保角变换参数
Table 1. Conformal transformation parameters with different width-height ratios
c c1 c3 R k 0.6 -0.210 -0.159 1.903 0.284 1.0 0 -0.167 2.400 0.250 1.4 0.139 -0.163 2.869 0.228 1.8 0.241 -0.157 3.321 0.211 
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表 2 煤岩力学参数表
Table 2. Mechanical parameters of coal and rock
岩性 密度/(kg·m-3) 剪切模量/GPa 体积模量/GPa 摩擦角/(°) 黏聚力/MPa 抗拉强度/MPa 煤 2 500 17.4 14.2 37.0 3.70 1.20 泥岩 2 400 10.5 17.5 24.0 3.20 2.40 泥岩 2 400 15.5 20.0 25.0 2.20 2.80 注浆区 2 650 16.8 37.5 40.0 4.60 3.30
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表 3 锚杆、锚索参数
Table 3. Parameter of bolt and cable
支护材料 直径/mm 弹性模量/GPa 长度/m 拉断荷载/kN 预应力/kN 锚杆 22 100 2.4 254 90 锚索 17.8 210 7 600 140
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表 4 钢管混凝土支架参数
Table 4. Parameters of concrete-filled steel tube support
支护材料 极惯性矩 弹性模量/GPa 横截面积/m2 极限弯矩/(N·m) 泊松比 Beam单元 1.39×10-4 67.7 0.029 6 600 0.25
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