Failure mode and mechanism of mine waste dump with a soft and steep layer base
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摘要: 针对西藏甲玛铜矿角岩排土场基底倾角大、表土层软的特点，以该地区排土场为工程背景，基于相似模拟原理，采用底摩擦试验与数值模拟相结合的方法，进行了软-陡基底排土场失稳模式和机理研究；通过非接触式位移监测系统获得了排土场变形移动演化规律。试验结果表明：①软-陡基底排土场变形失稳大致分为坡脚卸荷变形、垂直张拉裂缝贯通和张拉裂缝扩展三个阶段；②基底软弱土层受压，坡脚处软弱土层受剪切作用明显，是滑移变形失稳触发地带；③潜在滑移面穿过软弱土层，形成近似圆弧滑面。软-陡基底排土场失稳破坏主要呈现沉降、拉裂和滑移模式。Abstract: The waste dump of Tibet Jiama Copper Mine, which has a steep and soft base, is taken as the engineering background to reveal the failure mode and mechanism with assistance of similarity simulation principle.Using a method combining bottom friction test and numerical simulation.The deformation evolution of the waste dump is obtained by the contactless displacement monitoring system.The experimental results show that: ①The deformation and instability of the soft steep base dump can be divided into three stages: unloading deformation at the slope toe, vertical tensile crack penetration and tensile crack propagation.②The soft soil layer at the base is compressed and the soft soil layer at the slope toe is subjected to shearing.The slope toe is the trigger zone for slipping deformation and instability.③The potential slip surface passes through the soft soil layer to form an approximate circular arc slip surface.The instability failure of the soft-steep base dump mainly presents the modes of settlement, cracking and slippage.
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Key words:
- soft layer /
- steep base /
- waste dump /
- failure mode /
- failure mechanism
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图 11 软-陡基底排土场位移场特征
Figure 11. Displacement contour of waste dump slope with soft and steep base
图 12 软-陡基底排土场剪应变分布云图
Figure 12. Shear strain contour of waste dump slope with soft and steep base
表 1 排土场岩土体物理力学参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters of in-situ rock and soil
名称 容重/(t·m-3) 黏聚力/kPa 内摩擦角/(°) 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 散体物料 2.24 55.41 42.52 0.80 0.30 风积土 2.04 35.54 26.70 0.52 0.40 基岩 2.55 650 34.00 7.30 0.23 
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表 2 试验材料配比
Table 2. Proportion of model materials
名称 砂子/% 石膏/% 石灰/% 水*/% 硼砂浓度/% 黏土/% 散体物料 89 9 2 14.3 1 0 风积土 0 0 0 14.5 0 100 基岩 88 8 4 14.3 1 0 *水的用量以占固体质量分数计算。
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