Study on the law of dynamic surface movement and prediction of mining under thick alluvium
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摘要: 为了研究厚松散层下开采地表动态沉降规律，以实测资料为基础，分析了地表动态移动参数随工作面回采的演化规律。结果表明：地表超前移动影响距和地表最大下沉速度及其滞后距随工作面开采距离的增加而增大；当工作面推进至350 m时，三个参数值增幅减小，并最终分别稳定于225 m、34.5 mm/d及124 m；此后，地表下沉速度曲线以固定形状与工作面保持一定距离向前移动。基于对国内部分厚松散层矿井开采案例多元统计分析，得到地表最大下沉速度及其滞后角正切值与地质采矿参数之间的经验关系式；结合地表动态移动参数演化规律，构建了工作面推进至任意时刻，地表走向主断面不同点处的下沉速度预计公式；通过与实测值进行对比，验证了其预计精度能够满足工程实践的需要。Abstract: In order to study the dynamic subsidence law of ground under thick alluvium, based on the measured data, the evolution law of the surface dynamic movement parameters with the working face advancing was analyzed. The results show that the influence distance of the advance movement of surface, the maximum subsidence velocity of surface and its lag distance increase with the increase of mining distance of the working face. When the working face advances to about 350 m, the increase of the three parameter values decreases and finally stabilizes at 225 m, 34.5 mm/d and 124 m, respectively, thereafter, the curve of surface subsidence velocity moves forward with fixed shape and lag distance from the working face; based on multiple statistical analysis of mining cases in some domestic thick loose layer mining areas, the empirical relations between the maximum surface subsidence velocity and the tangent of its lag angle with geological mining parameters were constructed; finally, combined with the evolution law of the surface dynamic movement parameters, the prediction formula of the subsidence velocity of different points on the main cross section of the ground strike with the working face advancing to any time was constructed. The comparison with the measured value shows that the predicted accuracy can meet the needs of engineering practice.
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图 2 工作面回采过程中地表最大下沉点的下沉值及下沉速度变化曲线
Figure 2. The changing curve of subsidence value and sinking velocity of the maximum subsidence point during the mining process
图 3 地表动态沉降参数与工作面推进距离关系曲线
Figure 3. Relation curves between dynamic sinking parameters and the advancing distance of the working face
图 4 不同回采距离地表走向主断面下沉值及下沉速度分布规律
Figure 4. Distribution law of subsidence value and sinking velocity of the main section of strike at different mining distances
图 5 工作面开采不同时间地表走向主断面不同点处下沉速度分布规律
Figure 5. The distribution law of subsidence velocity at different points of the main section of the surface strike at different mining time
表 1 1501工作面地质采矿技术参数
Table 1. Geological and mining technical parameters of 1501 working face
走向/m 倾向/m 采厚/m 割煤/放煤高度/m 推进速度/(m·d-1) 煤层倾角/(°) 埋深/m 基岩厚/m 松散层厚/m 地表下沉系数 顶板控制 852 120 6.7 2.2/4.5 2.4 5.5 420 100 320 0.65 全部垮落法 
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表 2 地表最大下沉点各时期移动持续时间及下沉量数据汇总
Table 2. Data summary of movement duration and subsidence value of each period of the maximum subsidence point
移动持续阶段 工作面回采长度/m 持续时间/d 持续时间占总时间的比例/% 期间内地表下沉量/mm 期间下沉量占总下沉的比例/% 起始期 42 20 3.2 52 1.2 活跃期 583 243 39.4 3 968 92.5 剧烈活跃期 355 148 24.0 3 000 69.9 衰退期 26 354 57.4 270 6.3
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表 3 厚松散层矿井地表动态移动变形参数
Table 3. Ground dynamic movement and deformation parameters in thick loose layer mining areas
观测站 采深H0/m 松散层厚度Hs/m 松散层占比P 推进速度v/(m·d-1) 采宽B/m 宽深比E 采厚M/m 正切值tan φ 最大下沉速度vmax/(mm·d-1) 赵固二矿11011 690 612 0.88 5.4 180 0.26 3.50 4.60 22.0 赵固一矿11011 489 440 0.90 3.2 180 0.37 3.50 1.96 24.5 顾北矿1232 578 482 0.83 5.8 250 0.43 3.50 6.31 71.0 赵家寨11206 313 120 0.38 2.0 170 0.54 6.54 4.10 51.0 谢桥矿11118 500 400 0.80 1.9 162 0.32 3.00 - 13.6 范各庄矿区 346 105 0.30 1.7 178 0.51 7.40 - 26.9 张集矿1141 530 388 0.73 5.0 212 0.4 3.00 4.83 51.0 平煤十二矿15081 257 132 0.51 1.5 90 0.35 2.70 - 20.0 百善矿675 208 145 0.70 1.0 175 0.84 2.10 - 14.0 杨村矿三采区 285 196 0.69 2.0 480 1.68 1.25 - 20.2 临涣矿1042 383 245 0.64 5.6 55 0.14 3.00 - 0.73 王庄6206 340 110 0.32 3.00 248 0.73 6.50 5.68 144.3 王庄4326 238 127 0.53 3.80 274 1.15 6.65 3.49 209.7 司马1101 248 155 0.63 4.10 165 0.67 6.65 3.52 241.0 高河W1303 530 189 0.36 2.88 205 0.39 7.00 5.14 66.2 常村S6-7 358 132 0.37 3.66 274 0.77 6.20 4.01 76.8 赵家寨11206 313 120 0.38 3.00 170 0.54 6.54 4.35 51.0 东坡矿914 265 50 0.19 2.77 240 0.91 14.4 1.67 389.4 红岭矿1501 420 320 0.76 2.4 120 0.29 6.70 3.38 34.5 淮南矿首采面 528 440 0.83 6.5 205 0.39 3.30 11.43 53.1
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表 4 工作面不同开采时间地表走向主断面不同点处下沉速度实测值与预计值对比
Table 4. Comparison of the actual measured value and the predicted value of the subsidence velocity at different points of the main section of the surface strike at different mining time
测点与工作面的相对距离/m 工作面开采至115 d时 测点与工作面的相对距离/m 工作面开采至355 d时 实测值/(mm·d-1) 预计值/(mm·d-1) 误差(mm·d-1) 实测值/(mm·d-1) 预计值/(mm·d-1) 误差(mm·d-1) -602 -2.0 0.2 2.2 -597 0.0 0.1 0.1 -555 -0.7 0.2 0.9 -583 0.1 0.1 0.0 -507 4.0 0.2 -3.8 -542 0.1 0.2 0.1 -432 3.6 0.8 -2.8 -502 1.3 0.6 -0.7 -389 2.4 0.9 -1.5 -455 0.7 1.1 0.4 -341 5.7 1.9 -3.8 -403 0.4 2.5 2.1 -291 0.8 5.0 4.2 -342 8.2 5.1 -3.1 -260 9.5 9.1 -0.4 -302 16.0 8.5 -7.5 -227 20.8 17.1 -3.7 -246 10.8 16.5 5.7 -182 26.2 27.1 -0.1 -202 26.0 26 0.0 -141 26.8 30.2 3.4 -172 31.8 31.5 -0.3 -101 23.7 25.0 1.3 -128 34.5 35 0.5 -60 21.0 17.1 -3.9 -66 29.4 28 -1.4 -32 13.0 10.0 -3 -23 16.0 19 3.0 -6 3.9 6.3 2.4 47 5.3 8 2.7 35 0.8 1.8 1 93 7.0 4.1 -2.9 75 3.0 1.0 -2 157 0.2 2.1 1.9 131 3.1 0.8 -2.3 211 3.4 1.0 -2.4 174 -0.1 0.5 0.6 240 0.0 0.9 0.9 230 2.1 0.5 -1.6 292 0.0 0.2 0.2 271 -2.1 0.2 2.3 344 0.0 0.1 0.1 334 -0.4 0.2 0.6 360 0.0 0.1 0.1 标准误差G 3.9 标准误差G 2.7 相对误差F /% 14.6 相对误差F/% 7.9
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