Effect of arbuscular mycorrhiza and grass mulching on corn growth and soil water content in coal mining areas
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摘要: 煤矿开采加剧了干旱胁迫与土壤贫瘠。如何提高水分利用率，促进植物生长与土壤改良成为矿区农田修复的关键所在。试验区土壤类型为风沙土，土质疏松，蓄水保肥能力较差。试验设定对照(CK)、覆草(F)、接菌(M)、覆草联合接菌(FM)共计4个处理，每个处理3个重复，共12个小区。试验结果表明：接菌可有效地提高玉米的生物量和产量，接菌玉米产量比对照组高出13 %；改进覆草方式后联合接菌处理，可以有效提高玉米产量；5月完成覆草后，当月的土壤水含量比未覆草的处理高出30 %；9月降水少、蒸发量增加，覆草有效减少了水分的蒸发，保水量比未覆草提高37.5 %。Abstract: Coal mining exacerbates drought stress and poor soil. How to improve the water use efficiency, promote plant growth and soil improvement has become the key to the field restoration. The soil type of the experimental area is aeolian sand soil, which is loose and has poor ability of water and fertilizer conservation. The experiment set up 4 treatments: control(CK), cover grass(F), inoculate arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(M), cover grass combined with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi(FM), with 3 repetitions for each treatment, thus there were 12 communities in total. The results showed that the biomass and yield of maize could be effectively increased by inoculation, and the yield of inoculated maize was 13 % higher than that of the control group. The yield of maize can be increased effectively by combining with the treatment of bacteria. After grass mulching in May, the soil water content in that month was 30 % higher than that of the treatment without grass mulching. In September, the precipitation was less, the evaporation increased, the evaporation of water was effectively reduced by grass mulching, and the water retention was 37.5 % higher than that of the treatment without grass mulching.
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Key words:
- mycorrhizal fungi /
- fresh grass cover /
- soil nutrients /
- soil water utilization
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表 1 不同处理的土壤中营养元素含量
Table 1. The content of nutrient elements in different soil treatments
处理 TN/(mg·kg-1) AP/(mg·kg-1) AK/(mg·kg-1) OM/(g·kg-1) T-GRSP/(mg·kg-1) EE-GRSP/(mg·kg-1) 大喇叭口期 CK 0.29±0.02c 6.71±0.06c 70.2±1.42a 3.40±0.17a 0.82±0.07c 0.33±0.02b F 0.37±0.014b 10.22±0.22b 60.1±1.94b 3.38±0.25a 0.79±0.16c 0.32±0.06b M 0.34±0.016b 11.34±1.07a 55.91±2.99c 3.38±0.29a 0.99±0.19a 0.40±0.02a MF 0.41±0.029a 11.21±0.84ab 60.72±1.83b 3.39±0.28a 0.91±0.21b 0.40±0.05a 灌浆期 CK 0.31±0.022b 8.88±0.17c 65.44±2.33a 3.41±0.28a 1.06±0.19c 0.12±0.03b F 0.39±0.022a 10.01±0.44bc 53.20±1.67b 3.40±0.16a 1.10±0.09b 0.14±0.04b M 0.42±0.008a 10.03±0.76a 50.83±3.88c 3.41±0.28a 1.15±0.11a 0.49±0.05a MF 0.43±0.036a 10.19±0.67b 66.21±1.29a 3.42±0.16a 1.11±0.09b 0.51±0.04a 成熟期 CK 0.33±0.028a 9.98±0.49c 72.99±2.49a 3.40±0.13a 1.12±0.12b 0.31±0.05c F 0.29±0.022b 13.32±2.02b 65.18±2.11b 3.42±0.16a 1.13±0.12b 0.33±0.04c M 0.29±0.022b 10.21±0.79c 60.21±2.99c 3.39±0.18a 1.25±0.15a 0.39±0.05b MF 0.25±0.029c 14.52±1.41a 72.12±2.12a 3.42±0.09a 1.21±0.23a 0.57±0.05a 注：数据后字母相同表示两种处理之间没有显著差异(P < 0.05)。 
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表 2 不同处理的玉米产量
Table 2. Corn yield of different treatments
处理 地下部分/kg 地上部分/kg 籽粒/kg 侵染率/% CK 2.496±0.155a 4.188±0.207a 6.542±0.226b 13.3±0.03 F 2.181±0.269b 3.955±0.212b 4.995±0.271d 1.33±0.03 M 2.583±0.396a 3.896±0.096bc 7.380±0.271a 80.0±0.01 MF 2.417±0.145c 3.768±0.427c 5.515±0.202c 86.6±0.06 注：数据后字母相同表示两种处理之间没有显著差异(P < 0.05)。
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表 3 不同处理的玉米根系的生长状况
Table 3. Growth status of maize roots under different treatments
处理 根尖数/个 根总长/mm 根体积/mm3 根表面积/mm2 根平均直径/mm 大喇叭口期 CK 102 3 217 4 814 15 759 1.12 F 77 2 051 2 569 9 369 0.96 M 131 3 629 5 774 18 756 1.32 MF 99 3 103 2 987 10 223 1.01 灌浆期 CK 187 4 267 5 941 19 542 1.20 F 106 3 309 4 935 14 361 1.03 M 229 5 511 7 861 20 887 1.34 MF 156 4 980 6 041 15 409 1.19 成熟期 CK 200 6 013 8 174 22 314 1.24 F 141 4 749 6 920 16 716 1.10 M 231 6 793 9 897 26 713 1.41 MF 161 5 210 6 871 19 998 1.21
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表 4 不同处理下玉米叶片光合速率与SPAD值
Table 4. Photosynthetic rate and SPAD value of maize leaves under different treatments
处理 叶片光合速率/μmol·m-2s-1 SPAD值 大喇叭口期 CK 29.84±0.29b 40.8±1.18b F 23.99±0.71c 34.7±0.99c M 39.75±1.38a 49.6±0.85a MF 28.98±2.92b 41.3±1.18b 灌浆期 CK 36.11±1.72b 44.9±0.93b F 27.14±0.99c 40.3±0.83c M 42.69±1.09a 55.7±0.37a MF 38.37±2.11b 45.1±0.64b 成熟期 CK 14.29±1.73b 27.1±0.51b F 10.47±0.66c 22.9±0.67c M 31.11±2.33a 41.6±0.49a MF 16.32±0.74b 28.5±0.65b 注：数据后字母相同表示两种处理之间没有显著差异(P < 0.05)。
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