Research on data trust model and technical architecture of intelligent mines based on blockchain technology
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摘要: 我国智慧矿山建设尚处于发展初期，目前存在的矿山数据可信度低、数据共享过程缺乏信任机制、数据安全和隐私泄漏风险等数据信任问题严重制约了智慧矿山建设和发展。为此，基于总体国家安全观理念提出智慧矿山数据信任模型的概念，构建基于区块链技术的智慧矿山数据信任模型，对其技术架构进行具体设计，并剖析了关键技术；提出基于区块链技术的智慧矿山数据信任模型的实施策略，以期为区块链技术赋能智慧矿山、全面提升矿井生产效能和发展水平奠定基础，有效推动煤炭产业高质量发展。Abstract: China's intelligent mine construction is still in the early stage of development, which is seriously constrained by data trust problems such as low credibility of mine data, lack of trust mechanism in the data sharing process and the risk of data security and privacy leakage.To this end, this paper proposes an intelligent mine data trust model by drawing on the holistic approach to national security.Specifically, this study 1) offered a working definition of this model and proposed its underlying conceptions; 2) designed its technical architecture and analyzed the core technologies involved; 3) proposed the implementation strategies of the intelligent mine data trust model based on blockchain technology.This may lay the foundation for blockchain technology to empower intelligent mines and comprehensively enhance its efficiency and productivity, thus promoting the high-quality development of the coal industry.
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Key words:
- intelligent mine /
- blockchain technology /
- data trust /
- data management
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图 1 基于区块链技术的智慧矿山数据信任模型
Figure 1. Intelligent mine data trust model based on blockchain technology
图 2 区块链技术构建智慧矿山数据信任环境
Figure 2. The intelligent mine data trust environment based on blockchain technology
图 3 基于区块链技术的智慧矿山数据信任模型的技术架构
Figure 3. Technical architecture of intelligent coal mine data trust model based on blockchain technology
图 4 智慧矿山数据信任模型技术架构关键技术
Figure 4. Core technologies in the technical architecture of intelligent coal mine data trust model
图 5 智慧矿山智能合约与数据共享的应用流程
Figure 5. Application of smart contract and data sharing in intelligent mines
表 1 “43211”智慧矿山建设理论含义
Table 1. Working definition of "43211" smart mine construction theory
内容 含义 4个维度 “时间+三维空间”，矿山所有资源和活动 3个生产力要素 生产力三要素的所有数据集合，由此获得生产过程的全信息数据 2套流程 固定流程和变动流程 1项管控 以人为中心的绩效管理 1个平台 空间、时间、生产力三要素及管控流程在信息化平台下进行数据的有效整合 
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表 2 P2P网络的特点
Table 2. The characteristics of P2P
特点 简介 去中心化 区块链的数据和服务分布在所有参与节点上，通过共识机制维护区块链网络的一致性 可扩展性 区块链节点可以自由加入、退出，网络系统根据节点自由扩展 稳健性 抗单点故障，部分节点遭到攻击或破坏不影响区块链系统正常运行 高性价比 P2P架构能够有效利用区块链中散布普通节点闲置的计算能力和存储空间，节约成本 隐私保护 广播机制和中继转发技术提高了匿名通信的灵活性和可靠性，保护用户隐私 负载均衡 区块链通过限制节点连接数等配置，避免资源负载、网络阻塞
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表 3 哈希算法的特点
Table 3. The characteristics of Secure Hash Algorithm
特点 简介 抗冲突 相同的输入必定会得到相同的输出，不同的输入必定会得到不同的输出 信息隐藏 用输出值无法倒推出输入值 结果不可预测 数据的每一次微小变动都会导致哈希值发生重大变化 算力敏感 计算过程依赖于计算资源
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表 4 公钥密码算法的特点
Table 4. The characteristics of public key cryptographic algorithm
特点 简介 安全性强 加解密密钥分开，无需提前共享通用密钥 保密性高 基于大整数因子分解、离散对数、椭圆曲线密码算法等 性能瓶颈 对于大篇幅的原始数据加密的性能不高
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