Parameter optimization of coagulation and sedimentation for fine suspended solids removal from mine water
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摘要: 针对宝日希勒露天煤矿矿井水中悬浮颗粒物粒径小、难去除的问题，采用单因素与正交实验方法确定了混凝沉淀工艺的最佳参数，分析了矿井水中细颗粒物的混凝机理。结果表明，混凝沉淀的最佳工艺参数为聚合氯化铝(PAC)投加量50 mg/L，非离子型聚丙烯酰胺(NPAM)投加量5.0 mg/L，快速搅拌(300 r/min)时间1 min，慢速搅拌(50 r/min)时间8 min，静置时间5 min；在最佳工艺条件下，悬浮物(SS)质量浓度为5.0 mg/L，去除率为99.1 %，相比单独投加PAC时，10 μm以下的细颗粒物去除率提高了25.9 %，矿井水的ζ电位由-40.9 mV降低至-16.3 mV，说明细颗粒物的混凝机理主要为PAC吸附电中和作用和聚丙烯酰胺(PAM)吸附架桥作用。Abstract: In response to the issue of small particle size and difficult removal of suspended particles in the mine water of Baorixile open-pit coal mine, this study probed into the optimal parameters of the coagulation and precipitation process through single-factor and orthogonal experiments, and explored the mechanism behind the coagulation of fine particles in mine water.The optimal process parameters for coagulation and precipitation include: 50 mg/L of polyaluminum chloride (PAC), 5.0 mg/L of non-ionic polyacrylamide (NPAM) under 1 minute of rapid stirring (300 r/min), 8 minutes of slow stirring (50 r/min), and 5 minutes of settling.Under these optimum process conditions, the concentration of suspended solids (SS) is 5.0 mg/L with a removal efficiency of 99.1 %.Compared to the sole addition of PAC, the removal efficiency of fine particles below 10 μm increased by 25.9 %.Additionally, theζpotential of the mine water decreased from -40.9 mV to -16.3 mV, indicating that the coagulation mechanism of fine particles is mainly attributed to the adsorption and charge neutralization of PAC and the bridging effect of PAM.
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图 1 单独投加混凝剂对混凝沉淀效果的影响
(ρ(SS0)=540 mg/L；n1=300 r/min；t1=2 min；n2=50 r/min；t2=8 min；t3=10 min)
Figure 1. Effects of different reaction conditions on the efficiency of coagulation and sedimentation with PAC alone
图 2 PAC/PAM复配投加对混凝沉淀效果的影响
ρ(SS0)=540 mg/L；ρ(PAC)=50 mg/L；n1=300 r/min；t1=2 min；n2=50 r/min；t2=8 min； t3=10 min
Figure 2. Effect of PAC/PAM ratio on the efficiency of coagulation and sedimentation
图 3 单因素实验与正交实验的混凝沉淀效果对比
Figure 3. Comparison of coagulation and sedimentation efficiency using single factor and orthogonal experiment
图 4 矿井水中不同粒径颗粒的个数与体积占比
Figure 4. Particle size distribution and counting in mine water
图 5 不同混凝剂对不同粒径颗粒物的去除效果
Figure 5. Removal efficiency of suspended solids with different particle sizes by different coagulants
表 1 正交实验设计与结果
Table 1. Design and results of orthogonal experiment
样品 A/ (mg·L-1)(PAC，NPAM) B/ (r·min-1) C/min D/min Y/% 1 50，5.0 100 0.5 5 98.0 2 50，5.0 200 1.0 10 94.9 3 50，5.0 300 2.0 20 98.6 4 50，2.5 100 1.0 20 74.7 5 50，2.5 200 2.0 5 46.0 6 50，2.5 300 0.5 10 36.0 7 50，1.0 100 2.0 10 16.0 8 50，1.0 200 0.5 20 10.7 9 50，1.0 300 1.0 5 56.7 k1 97.51 50.53 48.22 66.89 — k2 52.22 62.89 75.42 48.98 — k3 27.78 64.09 53.87 61.64 — R 69.73 13.56 27.20 17.91 — 较好水平 A1 B3 C2 D1 — 
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