Study on influencing factors of stope thermal environment in Maoping Lead Zinc Mine
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摘要: 矿井热害是矿井深部开采面临的重要问题。以毛坪铅锌矿为工程案例，采用现场测试与数值模拟相结合的方法，研究了不同热源对深部矿井采场热环境的影响。基于现场实测的采场地温梯度与热环境参数，构建了毛坪铅锌矿采场物理模型，采用COMSOL软件分析了较低地温条件下风流温度、人体热源、机电设备以及充填体四种热源对采场及围岩温度的影响，并通过现场温度测量数据对数值计算结果进行验证。结果表明：毛坪铅锌矿目前开采水平地温为21.60 ℃，地温梯度为1.66 ℃/hm；灰砂比是影响充填体放热的重要因素，充填体产生的热量不仅会借助风流直接传至采场，还能通过围岩传导至巷道壁面，造成采场温度升高；地温对采场温度影响较大，采场温度随着地温的增大呈线性增加；毛坪铅锌矿中各个热源对采场环境的影响程度不同，其中风流能显著提高采场温度，充填体和机电设备次之，人体热源对采场温度的影响最小。Abstract: Mine thermal hazards are increasingly becoming a major problem for the deep mining.Taking Maoping Lead Zinc Mine as an engineering case, this article adopts the methods of field test and numerical simulation to study the influences of different heat sources on the thermal environment of deep mine quarry.A physical model of Maoping Lead Zinc Mine stope was constructed according to the measured temperature gradient and thermal environment parameters, and COMSOL software was used to analyze the effects of four heat sources, including airflow temperature, human body, electromechanical equipment and backfill, on the temperature of the stope and the surrounding rock under the condition of lower ground temperature.The numerical calculations were validated by field temperature measurements.The results show that the current mining level has a low ground temperature of 21.60 ℃, and the ground temperature gradient is 1.66 ℃/hm.Ash-sand ratio is an important factor affecting the heat release of backfill.The heat generated by backfill will not only be transferred directly to the stope by airflow, but also be conducted to the roadway wall through the surrounding rock, resulting in the temperature rise of the stope.Ground temperature has a great influence on stope temperature, and the stope temperature increases linearly with the increase of ground temperature.Each heat source shows different influence degree on the stope environment in Maoping Lead Zinc Mine, with airflow significantly increasing the stope temperature, followed by backfill and electromechanical equipment, and the human body exerting the smallest impact.
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图 1 地温测试示意图
1—测温仪器；2—黄泥；3—木塞；4—围岩；5—热电偶
Figure 1. Diagram of the ground temperature test
图 3 不同测试条件下充填体中心以及壁面温度
Figure 3. Center temperature and surface temperature of filling body under different test conditions
图 5 风流温度实测数据与模拟结果的比较
Figure 5. Comparison of airflow temperature between measured data and simulation results
图 8 采场温度与地温关系
Figure 8. Relation curve between stope temperature and ground temperature
图 10 入风温度影响下采场温度随采场长度的变化曲线
Figure 10. Variation of the stope temperature with stope leng under the influence of inlet air temperature
表 1 充填具体参数
Table 1. Specific filling parameters
充填测试 充填水平/m 充填体积/m3 地温/℃ 灰砂比 机制砂比例/% 1 +720 360.40 21.00 1∶8 30 2 +442 271.00 25.60 1∶4 30 
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表 2 模拟工况条件
Table 2. Summary of simulated working conditions
℃ 编号 地温 风流温度 人体热源 机电设备 充填体 K1 21.60 26.50 37 45 37/40 K2~K5 25，30，35，40 26.50 37 45 37/40 K6 21.60 26.50 — — — K7 37 — — K8 — 45 — K9 — — 37/40 K10 21.60 21.60 37 45 37/40 K11 37 — — K12 — 45 — K13 — — 37/40 注：充填体包含6个面，表中充填体数值中，前者为面向巷道面的温度值，后者为面向围岩面的温度值。
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