Research on the application status and material properties of aeolian sand filling mining
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摘要: 风积沙充填开采可实现就地取材、变废为宝，实现煤矿开采与风积沙治理的协同处理。目前，风积沙充填主要应用于公路下伏采空区充填、煤矿充填开采及金属矿充填开采；在充填工艺方面，开发了采空区注浆投沙、固体充填开采、高水充填开采以及胶结充填开采等；在充填技术方面，采用了长壁式充填开采、条带式充填开采和巷式充填开采等。关于风积沙胶结材料性能研究集中于料浆流动性与充填体强度方面。通过分析不同配比与养护时间下风积沙胶结料浆的流变特性，以及采用聚丙烯纤维对风积沙充填体进行韧性改良，发现风积沙胶结料浆流变参数随养护时间而增加，纤维的加入显著改善了风积沙充填体的脆性特征。Abstract: Using aeolian sand(AS)for backfilling can realize local material extraction and turn waste into treasurethe, and realize coordination of green mining and AS control.The AS filling mining is mainly applied to the backfilling of goaf under Highway, backfilling mining of coal mine and metal mine.Grouting and sand injection in the goaf, solid backfilling mining, high water backfilling mining and cemented backfilling mining are developed.Long wall backfilling mining, strip backfilling mining and roadway backfilling mining are adopted.The research on the properties of cemented AS backfilling materials focused on slurry fluidity and backfill strength.In this paper, the rheological properties of cemented AS slurry with different proportions and curing times are analyzed, and cemented AS backfills are toughened by using polypropylene fiber.The results showed that the rheological parameters of cemented AS slurry increased with the curing time, and the addition of fiber significantly improved the brittleness characteristics of cemented AS backfills.
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图 4 高水充填与胶结充填系统与工艺
Figure 4. High water and cementing backfilling system and technology
图 5 连采连充充填开采巷道布置与开采模式
Figure 5. Layout and mining mode of continuous mining and continuous backfilling
图 6 连采连充胶结充填开采系统与装备
Figure 6. System and equipment of continuous mining and continuous backfilling
图 10 流变参数随各因素的变化规律
Figure 10. The variation of rheological parameters with each factor
表 1 风积沙煤矿充填应用现状
Table 1. Application status of aeolian sand filling in coal mines
充填工艺 工程应用 文献与发表年份 研究单位 主要研究内容 固体充填开采 小纪汗煤矿 [17]/2017 中国矿业大学 固体材料侧限压缩性能 泰元煤矿 [18]/2019 榆林矿区 [16]/2014、[19]/2019 常兴煤矿 [20]/2019 济三矿(山东) [21]/2017 水帘洞煤矿 [22]/2021 水帘洞煤炭有限公司 新疆某矿 [23]/2022 新疆大学 高水充填开采 榆阳煤矿 [25]/2014 天地科技股份有限公司 充填支架设计与应用 [26]/2017 榆林职业技术学院 材料性能、工艺设计 [27]/2018 西安科技大学 材料性能 陕北矿区 [24]/2013 青岛理工大学 系统研制与设计 青磁窑煤矿 [28]/2020 青磁窑煤矿 工艺设计 胶结充填开采 榆卜界矿 [29]/2009 煤科总院开采设计研究院 材料性能、工艺设计工程应用 榆阳煤矿 [32]/2014、[33]/2016、[38]/2021 天地科技股份有限公司 [30]/2015 陕西中能煤田有限公司 [31]/2015 西安科技大学 [34]/2017、[37]/2020 煤炭科学研究总院 [35-36]/2016 中煤科工集团西安研究院 材料性能 常兴煤矿 [39]/2016 中国矿业大学 工艺介绍、效果监测 [40]/2021 西安科技大学 材料性能 上河煤矿 [41-42]/2021、[43]/2018 材料性能、工艺设计 沙沟岔煤矿 [44]/2019、[45]/2020、[46]/2022 材料性能 永乐煤矿 [47-48]/2021 小保当矿区 [53]/2021、[54]/2022 张家峁煤矿 [55]/2017 陕北矿区 [56]/2012、[58]/2021、[59-60]/2022 二石磕煤矿 [49]/2018、[50]/2019 中国矿业大学 金牛煤矿 [51]/2019、[52]/2021 山东岐山煤矿 [61]/2018 山东长城三矿 [62]/2020 山东能源新矿集团长城三矿 材料性能、效果分析 
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表 2 流变试验配比方案
Table 2. Proportioning scheme of rheological test
试验组号 水泥质量分数A/% 胶沙比B 质量浓度C/% T1(8-0.6-82) 8 0.6 82 T2(12-0.6-82) 12 0.6 82 T3(10-0.4-82) 10 0.4 82 T4(10-0.8-82) 10 0.8 82 T5(10-0.6-80) 10 0.6 80 T6(10-0.6-84) 10 0.6 84 T7(10-0.6-82) 10 0.6 82
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表 3 流变参数与养护时间拟合结果
Table 3. Fitting results of rheological parameters and curing Time
组别 流变参数与时间t的拟合结果 拟合度R2 T1 τ0= 66.23+0.45 t+1.27×10-3t2 0.999 T2 τ0= 90.86+0.85 t+2.37×10-3t2 0.999 T3 τ0= 55.32+0.49 t+1.11×10-3t2 0.985 T4 τ0= 116.48+0.65 t+3.99×10-3t2 0.999 T5 τ0= 36.65+0.22 t+8.36×10-4t2 0.999 T6 τ0= 189.7+0.66 t+5.78×10-3t2 0.996 T7 τ0= 82.18+0.53 t+1.7×10-3t2 0.999 T1 η = 0.36+0.002 t+1.41×10-5t2 0.967 T2 η = 0.65+0.006 t+1.25×10-5t2 0.995 T3 η = 0.44+0.004 t 0.999 T4 η = 0.8+0.004 t+2.66×10-5t2 0.993 T5 η = 0.38+0.002 t+1.25×10-5t2 0.913 T6 η = 1.18+0.005 t+3.13×10-5t2 0.993 T7 η = 0.56+0.004 t 0.972
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