Optimizing the performance appraisal system of coal enterprises in the context of"dual carbon"
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摘要: 绩效考核是评估员工工作表现的重要手段，通过“以评促改”可以优化煤炭企业一线员工的生产行为，推动企业实现绿色、低碳发展。针对煤炭企业目前绩效考核体系存在着结果性指标过多、环保指标被轻视、缺乏技能学习指标等问题，本研究运用关键绩效指标(KPI)法和层次分析(AHP)法，在优化传统指标的基础上突出“双碳”导向，首次提出环保方面的指标，构建了新型绩效考核指标体系，同时提出了实施该指标体系的保障措施。Abstract: Performance appraisal is an important means to assess employees' work performance. It serves to enhance the production competence of frontline employees through feedback in order to promote green and low-carbon development of coal enterprises. The current performance appraisal system of coal enterprises is still limited as it is mostly result-oriented, overlooking assessment on environmental protection, individual skills and learning capabilities. In this light, this study adopts the key performance indicators(KPI)method and analytic hierarchy process(AHP)in optimizing the present indicators in the performance appraisal system to highlight the "dual carbon" objective. Specifically, this study proposes environmental indicators as part of the new performance appraisal system, and suggests detailed measures to ensure its implementation.
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图 1 “双碳”背景下煤炭企业生产部门KPI确定的流程
Figure 1. Procedure of determing KPI for production department of coal enterprises to realize the "dual carbon" objective
图 2 煤炭企业员工绩效考核指标体系
Figure 2. Performance appraisal indicator system of employees in coal enterprises
图 3 新绩效考核体系实施的对策
Figure 3. Specific measures for implementing the new performance appraisal system
表 1 重要性标度含义
Table 1. Definition of the importance scale
重要性标度 含义 1 表示两个元素相比，具有同等重要性 3 表示两个元素相比，前者比后者稍重要 5 表示两个元素相比，前者比后者明显重要 7 表示两个元素相比，前者比后者强烈重要 9 表示两个元素相比，前者比后者极端重要 2，4，6，8 表示上述判断的中间值 倒数 若元素i与元素j的重要性之比为aij，则元素j与元素i的重要性之比为aji=1/aij 
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表 2 平均随机一致性指标IR
Table 2. Average random consistency indicator IR
矩阵阶数 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 IR 0 0 0.52 0.89 1.12 1.26 1.36 1.41
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表 3 准则层A相对于目标层G的判断矩阵
Table 3. Judgment matrix of criterion layer A relative to target layer G
G A1 A2 A3 W A1 1 1/2 1/4 0.142 9 A2 2 1 1/2 0.285 7 A3 4 2 1 0.571 4 注：λmax=3，RC=0。
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表 4 指标层相对于准则层A1的判断矩阵
Table 4. Judgment matrix of indicator layer relative to criterion layer A1
A1 B1 B2 B3 B4 W B1 1 2 3 1 0.350 7 B2 1/2 1 2 1/2 0.189 2 B3 1/3 1/2 1 1/3 0.109 3 B4 1 2 3 1 0.350 7 注：λmax=4.010 4，RC=0.003 9＜0.1。
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表 5 指标层相对于准则层A2的判断矩阵
Table 5. Judgment matrix of indicator layer relative to criterion layer A2
A2 B5 B6 B7 B8 W B5 1 4 2 3 0.477 1 B6 1/4 1 1/2 1 0.128 2 B7 1/2 2 1 2 0.256 4 B8 1/3 1 1/2 1 0.138 2 注：λmax=4.010 4，RC=0.003 9＜0.1。
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表 6 指标层相对于准则层A3的判断矩阵
Table 6. Judgment matrix of indicator layer relative to criterion layer A3
A3 B9 B10 B11 B12 W B9 1 3 4 1 0.412 3 B10 1/3 1 1 1/2 0.140 9 B11 1/4 1 1 1/2 0.132 8 B12 1 2 2 1 0.314 0 注：λmax=4.045 8，RC=0.017 1＜0.1
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表 7 各层次指标的权重及排序
Table 7. Weight and ranking of indicators at all levels
目标层 准则层(一级) 一级权重 措施层(二级) 二级权重 组合权重 排序 总目标层G A1 0.142 9 B1 0.350 7 0.050 1 7 B2 0.189 2 0.027 0 11 B3 0.109 3 0.015 6 12 B4 0.350 7 0.050 1 7 A2 0.285 7 B5 0.477 1 0.136 3 3 B6 0.128 2 0.036 6 10 B7 0.256 4 0.073 3 6 B8 0.138 2 0.039 5 9 A3 0.571 4 B9 0.412 3 0.235 6 1 B10 0.140 9 0.080 5 4 B11 0.132 8 0.075 9 5 B12 0.314 0 0.179 4 2
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