Analysis on roof sag of pre-driven recovery room based on energy calculation
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摘要: 采用预掘回撤通道技术的综采工作面在末采阶段易发生顶板大变形而引发压架事故。本文基于工作面贯通后的3种基本顶破坏形式，建立了不同的回撤通道顶板力学模型，通过分析顶板变形过程中的能量释放与做功过程，求得不同基本顶破坏形式下的回撤通道直接顶下沉量。结合张家峁煤矿N14201工作面回撤通道顶板大变形案例，分析了不同顶板力学模型的影响因素，发现基本顶破断位置、关键块及其上覆岩层厚度、关键块回转角和支护强度对回撤通道顶板下沉量影响显著，确定了张家峁煤矿N14201工作面发生压架事故的原因，即基本顶在保护煤柱上方4~6 m范围内破断以及上部3-1煤层开采导致主关键层破断失稳。Abstract: The fully mechanized mining face adopting pre-driven recovery room is prone to large roof deformation at the final mining stage, which will lead to support crushing accidents. Based on the three main roof failure forms after longwall face entered recovery room, this paper established different mechanical models for roof sag of the recovery room. By analyzing energy release and work process in roof deformation, this paper obtained the immediate roof sag of recovery room under different main roof failure forms. Taking the large roof deformation and support crushing accident of recovery room in the N14201 longwall face of Zhangjiamao Coal Mine as example for analysis, this paper analyzed the influencing factors of the models and found that the main roof break position, the thickness of key block and its overlying strata, the rotation angle of key block and the supporting intensity have significant impact on the roof sag of recovery room. The research results confirmed that the reason for the support crushing accident in N14201 longwall face of Zhangjiamao Coal Mine: the main roof is broken within 4~6 m above the protective coal pillar, and the main key stratum is broken and unstable due to the mining of upper 3-1 coal seam.
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图 1 工作面与回撤通道贯通后的3种顶板破坏形式
Figure 1. Three roof failure modes after longwall face enters recovery room
图 2 基本顶在工作面后方破断时顶板力学模型
q1—超前支承压力；fc—主回撤通道内垛式支架的支护强度；fs—工作面掩护式支架的支护强度；Wr—主回撤通道宽度；Wl—工作面支架控顶距；hi—直接顶厚度；hr—主回撤通道高度；d1—基本顶在工作面后方破断时的距离，d1＞Wr + Wl
Figure 2. Roof mechanical model when main roof is broken behind longwall face
图 3 基本顶在主回撤通道上方破断时顶板力学模型
q2—关键块及其上覆岩层压力；α—关键块的回转角；d2—基本顶在主回撤通道上方破断时的距离，0≤d2≤Wr + Wl
Figure 3. Roof mechanical model when main roof is broken above recovery room
图 4 基本顶在保护煤柱上方破断时顶板力学模型
Figure 4. Roof mechanical model when main roof is broken above protective coal pillar
图 5 N14201工作面回撤通道顶板岩层结构与分布
Figure 5. Roof strata structure and distribution of recovery room in N14201 longwall face
图 6 N14201工作面回撤通道顶板下沉量监测站布置
Figure 6. Layout of roof sag monitoring stations in N14201 longwall face
图 7 N14201工作面主回撤通道顶板下沉量监测曲线
Figure 7. Monitoring curve of roof sag of recovery room in N14201 longwall face
图 8 基本顶破断位置对回撤通道顶板下沉量的影响
Figure 8. Effect of main roof break position on roof sag of recovery room
图 9 顶板和煤层参数对回撤通道顶板下沉量的影响
Figure 9. Effect of roof and coal seam parameters on roof sag of recovery room
图 10 支护强度对回撤通道顶板下沉量的影响
Figure 10. Effect of support intensity on roof sag of recovery room
表 1 N14201工作面末采阶段周期来压统计
Table 1. Periodic weighting statistics at the final mining stage of N14201 longwall face
周期来压次数 来压位置/m 来压步距/m 1 99.0 12.5 2 80.1 18.9 3 62.8 17.3 4 49.0 13.8 5 41.5 7.5 6 24.0 17.5 7 6.0 18.0 8(末次来压) -9.1 15.1 末次来压基本顶破断位置d/m -3.9 
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表 2 N14201工作面和回撤通道参数
Table 2. Parameters of N14201 longwall face and recovery room
类型 参数 取值 煤层赋存 覆岩平均容重γ /(kN·m-3) 25 煤层埋深H/m 131 关键块上覆岩层厚度Hm/m 72 关键块回转角α/(°) 15 直接顶厚度hi/m 2.34 直接顶弹性模量Ei/GPa 17 煤层弹性模量Ec/GPa 7 应力集中系数k 2.5 内摩擦系数f 0.8 侧压力系数λ 0.4 工程和支护 掩护式支架控顶距Wl/m 6 主回撤通道宽度Wr/m 5.2 主回撤通道高度hr/m 3.5 掩护式支架支护强度fs/kPa 872 垛式支架支护强度fc/kPa 845
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