Research on the influence of blasting vibration on high-rise building near subway station
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摘要: 明晰建(构)筑物的爆破振动响应规律在工程和经济上具有重要意义。针对某地铁车站A出入口爆破施工，运用HHT方法分析某小区2号楼振动信号的衰减特征。研究结果表明：沿高程增加方向，三矢量振速峰值先急剧衰减，后在中间楼层呈波浪形变化并在顶层放大，振速变化分为衰减区(0~26. 15 m]、波动区(26.15~71.75 m]和放大区(71.75~94.55 m]。随高程增加，Hilbert谱的形态由三峰值逐渐转变为单峰值结构，能量幅值降低；优势频带由75~125 Hz衰减为10~40 Hz，主频向低频过渡，振速放大区楼层振动频率较低且易引发共振。根据地面测点拟合顶层能量谱的构成，验证了顶层放大效应的实质，是对爆破地震波中与建筑物固有频率接近的能量进行选择放大。Abstract: Making clear the vibration response law of buildings(structures)due to blasting is of great significance both engineeringly and the economically. By conducting blasting experiment at subway station entrance A, the vibration signal of building NO.2 was analyzed through Hilbert-Huang transform. Results indicate that as height increases, the three-vector peak vibration velocity attenuate sharply, and then shows a wave-shaped change in the middle and amplify on the top floor, which was divided into attenuation area(0~26.15 m], fluctuation area(26.15~71.75 m]and amplification area(71.75~94.55 m]. The shape of the Hilbert spectrum gradually changes from three-peak to single-peak, the dominant frequency band attenuates from 75~125 Hz to 10~40 Hz and the energy amplitude decreases. This demonstrates that the lower vibration frequency of the floor in the amplification area could easily cause resonance. Based on the composition of the top-level energy spectrum fitted by the ground measuring points, it is verified that the essence of the top-level amplification effect is to selectively amplify the energy close to the natural frequency of the building in the blasting seismic wave.
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Key words:
- high-rise buildings /
- blasting vibration /
- time-frequency power /
- HHT /
- amplification effect
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图 1 地铁车站A出入口与2号楼平面图
Figure 1. Plane view of subway station entrance A and building NO.2
图 4 合振速峰值随高程的变化规律
Figure 4. The variation law of resultant peak velocity with elevation
图 8 垂直方向爆破振动Hilbert谱
Figure 8. Hilbert spectrum of blasting vibration in vertical direction
图 9 垂直方向爆破振动波形、FFT频谱及Hilbert谱
Figure 9. Blasting vibration waveform, FFT spectrum and Hilbert spectrum
图 11 拟合功率谱与实测功率谱对比(H=94.55 m)
Figure 11. Comparison of fitted power spectrum and measured power spectrum(H=94.55 m)
表 1 爆破参数
Table 1. Blasting para meters
台阶 炮孔类型 孔深/m 炮孔个数 单孔药量/kg 总药量/kg 上台阶 掏槽孔 0.6 8 0.3 2.4 辅助孔 0.6 39 0.3 11.7 周边孔 0.6 24 0.1 2.4 合计 — 71 — 16.5 下台阶 辅助孔 1.1 16 0.4 6.4 周边孔 1.1 14 0.4 5.6 合计 — 30 — 12.0 
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表 2 三矢量振速峰值统计表
Table 2. Data for peak vibration velocity of three vector
楼层 H/m vmax/(cm·s-1) ξ vr vt vc vc/vr vc/vt -2 -7.16 0.449 0.309 0.399 0.889 1.291 -1 -3.58 0.250 0.285 0.310 1.240 1.088 0 0 0.136 0.300 0.477 3.507 1.590 1 3.10 0.079 0.076 0.449 5.684 5.908 2 6.20 0.089 0.083 0.212 2.382 2.554 6 17.60 0.061 0.034 0.033 0.541 0.971 9 26.15 0.070 0.070 0.007 0.100 0.100 12 34.70 0.044 0.033 0.067 1.523 2.030 15 43.25 0.035 0.041 0.076 2.171 1.854 18 51.80 0.063 0.055 0.126 2.000 2.291 25 71.75 0.029 0.032 0.055 1.897 1.719 33 94.55 0.047 0.044 0.149 3.170 3.386
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