Composition and origin of high-alumina coal in Jungar coalfield
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摘要: 利用煤岩学、矿物学和地球化学等研究方法，在分析准格尔煤田的构造背景和聚煤环境的基础上，研究了准格尔煤田6号煤层的煤岩煤质特征、煤和夹矸中无机矿物组成、分布及赋存特征，并探讨其成因。研究表明，6号煤层有机显微组分中惰质组、镜质组、壳质组平均含量分别为59 %、28 %、13 %，与华北其他地区晚古生代煤相比，其中的惰质组含量偏高，反映6号煤层形成时地表水供给充分；煤中无机显微组分及夹矸中主要矿物为高岭石和勃姆石，还有少量的石英、方解石、菱铁矿、黄铁矿、硬石膏、锐钛矿和磷锶铝矾等；6号煤层中部富集大量勃姆石，上部和下部则主要富集高岭石；高岭石成因主要有胶体沉积结晶、陆源搬运沉积和火山灰蚀变3种，勃姆石成因主要有氧化铝胶体沉淀结晶和高岭石脱硅蚀变2种。Abstract: Based on the analysis of tectonic background and coal-accumulating environment of Jungar coalfield, the coal petrological characteristics, inorganic mineral composition, distribution and occurrence regularity of coal and gangue in No.6 coal of the Junger coalfield are studied, and the genesis is determined byutilizing the research methods of coal petrology, mineralogy and geochemistry.The study shows that the average contents of the inertinite, vitrinite and exinite in the maceral of No.6 coal in the study area are 59 %, 28 % and 13 %, respectively.Compared with the Late Paleozoic coals in other areas of North China, the content of the inertinite is high, which reflects an adequate supply of surface water during the formation of No.6 coal seam.The main inorganic minerals in coal and gangue are kaolinite and boehmite, associated with quartz, calcite, siderite, pyrite, anhydrite, anatase and svanbergite.The vertical changes of the mineral composition and main chemical elements of No.6 coal indicate that the middle of the coal seam is rich in boehmite, while the upper and lower parts are rich in kaolinite.There are three origins of kaolinite: colloidal precipitation crystallization, terrestrial transport sedimentation and volcanic ash alteration.And there are two origins of boehmite: alumina colloidal precipitation crystallization and desilication alteration of kaolinite.
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Key words:
- Jungar coalfield /
- high-alumina coal /
- kaolinite /
- boehmite
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图 2 准格尔煤田含煤地层综合柱状图及6号煤采样柱状图
Figure 2. Coal-bearing strata column of Jungar coalfield and sampling histogram for coal No.6
图 3 研究区煤岩组分特征
(a)~(f)—煤中惰质组特征，分别来自样品HW-3、HW-16、H-10、H-21和H-24；(g)~(j)—煤中镜质组特征，分别来自样品H-06、H-20、HW-28和H-21；(k)(l)—煤中壳质组特征，来自样品H-28和H-15
Figure 3. Characteristics of coal macerals in the study area
图 4 黑岱沟露天矿和哈尔乌素露天矿原煤及低温灰化样品的典型XRD图谱
Figure 4. Typical XRD patterns of raw coal and low temperature ashing samples from Heidaigou and Harwusu open-pit Mine
图 5 准格尔煤田6号煤层煤灰中矿物成分相对含量垂向变化
Figure 5. Variations of mineral composition in coal No.6 of Jungar coalfield
图 6 煤中无机矿物偏光显微镜照片
(a)煤中高岭石，单偏光，H-10；(b)煤中细胞腔内的隐晶质高岭石，正交偏光，HW-16；(c)(d)煤中勃姆石，单偏光，H-15和HW-21
Figure 6. Polarizing microscope photos of inorganic minerals in coal
图 7 研究区夹矸样品的偏光显微镜照片
(a)隐晶质高岭石，单偏光，HW-04P；(b)板状晶粒高岭石，单偏光，H-13P；(c)蠕虫状高岭石，单偏光，H-13P；(d)团块状勃姆石，单偏光，H-19P；(e)(f)高岭石蚀变勃姆石，正交偏光，HW-26P
Figure 7. Polarizing microscope photos of partings in the study area
图 8 研究区煤及夹矸中常量元素含量垂向分布
Figure 8. Variations of major elements of coal No.6 in the study area
图 9 砂屑高岭岩偏光显微镜照片
正交偏光，H-9P
Figure 9. Polarizing microscope photos of sand-debris kaolinite rock
表 1 煤样工业分析和煤灰中矿物组成及相对含量
Table 1. Proximate analysis and mineral composition of the samples
% 样品 Mad Aad Vdaf St，ad 勃姆石 高岭石 其他矿物及含量 H-08 9.02 22.45 35.96 0.36 11.9 73.0 磷锶铝矾15.1 H-10 5.18 38.33 33.03 — 14.4 85.2 锐钛矿0.4 H-12 9.36 9.05 30.51 — 47.1 42.6 菱铁矿9.3；锐钛矿1 H-14 9.21 2.38 34.28 0.42 60.0 26.9 菱铁矿8.7；黄铁矿4.4 H-15 7.04 22.16 29.10 — 95.7 2.70 锐钛矿1.6 H-18 8.41 4.99 34.63 — 79.5 20.3 锐钛矿0.2 H-20 6.83 6.95 25.59 0.28 98.0 2.0 — H-21 9.83 10.02 34.16 — 80.3 19.7 — H-23 18.24 6.96 39.30 0.36 95.1 4.7 锐钛矿0.2 H-24 15.12 15.19 35.36 — 34.3 65.7 — H-25 22.29 7.13 39.40 0.33 29.1 70.4 锐钛矿0.5 H-27 19.74 5.99 38.32 0.32 54.4 35.5 石英8.1；锐钛矿2 H-28 7.27 16.04 32.70 — 3 95.9 锐钛矿1.1 H-30 6.91 9.43 32.17 — — 99.8 锐钛矿0.2 HW-01 7.98 9.56 41.80 — — 99.7 石英0.3 HW-03 7.25 25.11 31.34 — — 99.8 锐钛矿0.2 HW-05 5.94 43.69 34.62 — 10.1 89.9 — HW-08 5.36 38.59 38.22 — 11.1 88.9 — HW-10 6.39 26.82 33.97 0.26 9.7 90.3 — HW-12 7.55 11.73 34.45 0.44 20.7 74.2 硬石膏1.7；磷锶铝矾3.3 HW-14 6.40 20.73 31.91 0.24 68.2 方解石7；菱铁矿24.8 HW-16 6.49 26.98 29.43 — 25.5 73.8 菱铁矿0.7 HW-17 7.82 11.99 28.96 0.32 68.8 29.4 锐钛矿1.8 HW-19 7.90 24.62 39.21 0.32 19.6 68.5 方解石11.9 HW-21 8.14 6.45 29.79 0.31 69.8 26.1 锐钛矿4.1 HW-23 8.69 11.46 39.67 — 49.7 48.8 石英1.5 HW-25 7.71 9.80 36.32 — 67 30.5 锐钛矿1.6；磷锶铝矾0.9 HW-27 52.79 7.15 38.57 — 86.5 12.1 方解石0.4；磷锶铝矾1 HW-29 7.66 18.45 49.70 0.43 24.5 67.8 方解石5.4；锐钛矿2.3 HW-31 6.55 23.74 35.72 — 36.8 63.2 — HW-33 7.39 10.94 27.70 0.28 63 16.7 方解石20.3 注：M—水分；A—灰分；V—挥发分；St, ad—全硫。样品编号H指黑岱沟露天矿样品，HW指哈尔乌素露天矿样品。高岭石、勃姆石及其他矿物的含量，是指低温灰化后以煤灰为基准的相对含量。 
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表 2 研究区6号煤煤样的常量元素含量
Table 2. Major element composition of samples from coal No.6 in the study area
样品 煤中常量元素/% SiO2/Al2O3 煤灰中Al2O3/% SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 K2O Na2O CaO MgO P2O5 LOI Total H-08 9.17 9.81 0.19 1.18 0.17 0.02 0.61 0.15 0.45 77.78 99.53 0.93 44.15 H-10 16.91 16.93 0.32 3.17 0.18 0.02 0.17 0.07 0.02 62.07 99.86 1.00 44.63 H-12 2.30 5.51 0.91 0.10 0 0 0.10 0.07 0 90.91 99.90 0.42 60.62 H-14 0.13 2.69 0.42 0.09 0 0 0.07 0.03 0.01 96.46 99.90 0.05 75.99 H-15 3.39 18.46 0.16 0.57 0.17 0.01 0.12 0.04 0.04 76.92 99.88 0.18 79.98 H-18 1.53 5.45 0.06 0.24 0.02 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.11 92.31 99.86 0.28 70.87 H-20 0.06 7.17 0.05 0.06 0 0.01 0.14 0.03 0 92.31 99.83 0.01 93.24 H-21 0.34 9.56 0.09 0.08 0.01 0.01 0.09 0.02 0.02 89.66 99.88 0.04 92.46 H-23 0.57 5.68 0.18 0.08 0.02 0.02 0.39 0.07 0.04 92.45 99.50 0.10 75.23 H-24 4.93 9.27 0.31 0.21 0.08 0.01 0.18 0.11 0.01 84.64 99.75 0.53 60.35 H-25 1.45 4.31 0.15 0.27 0.03 0.02 0.48 0.07 0.02 92.57 99.37 0.34 58.01 H-27 0.76 2.63 0.12 0.09 0 0.02 1.24 0.16 0.01 93.66 98.69 0.29 41.48 H-28 7.45 7.08 0.13 0.29 0.09 0.01 0.12 0.03 0 84.75 99.95 1.05 46.43 H-30 4.61 4.07 0.08 0.07 0 0 0.08 0.01 0.08 90.88 99.88 1.13 44.63 HW-01 5.01 4.11 0.09 0.25 0 0.01 0.10 0.01 0 90.28 99.86 1.22 42.28 HW-03 13.13 10.83 0.19 0.78 0.02 0.01 0.21 0.03 0.08 74.55 99.83 1.21 42.55 HW-05 21.10 19.26 0.36 2.42 0.18 0.03 0.24 0.06 0.12 55.89 99.66 1.10 43.66 HW-08 19.26 18.09 0.29 1.34 0.18 0.03 0.18 0.05 0.08 60.29 99.79 1.06 45.56 HW-10 12.66 12.7 0.32 0.54 0.16 0.03 0.20 0.06 0.07 73.04 99.78 1.00 47.11 HW-12 0.38 10.44 0.07 0.27 0.01 0.02 0.60 0.03 0.11 87.50 99.43 0.04 83.52 HW-14 6.84 6.63 4.68 0.63 0.02 0.03 0.92 0.24 0.01 78.57 98.57 1.03 30.94 HW-16 11.01 13.72 0.41 0.59 0.61 0.03 0.29 0.12 0.05 72.91 99.74 0.80 50.65 HW-17 2.37 8.99 0.13 0.98 0.07 0.01 0.19 0.04 0.02 86.89 99.69 0.26 68.57 HW-19 9.63 10.08 0.15 0.41 0.01 0.01 1.54 0.03 0.01 76.84 98.71 0.95 43.52 HW-21 0.81 3.80 0.06 0.32 0.01 0 0.11 0.02 0.01 94.74 99.88 0.21 72.24 HW-23 3.53 7.56 0.11 0.49 0.05 0.01 0.12 0.02 0.10 87.88 99.87 0.47 62.38 HW-25 1.65 7.59 0.09 0.30 0.08 0.01 0.11 0.02 0.08 90.00 99.93 0.22 75.90 HW-27 0.12 7.94 0.06 0.09 0 0 0.11 0.01 0.12 91.38 99.83 0.02 92.11 HW-29 7.61 9.04 0.18 0.69 0.24 0.02 0.35 0.06 0.01 81.44 99.64 0.84 48.71 HW-31 9.54 13.95 0.18 0.48 0.17 0.01 0.14 0.06 0.02 75.36 99.91 0.68 56.62 HW-33 2.09 7.94 0.09 0.19 0.04 0.01 0.44 0.03 0.02 88.64 99.49 0.26 69.89
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表 3 研究区煤中常量元素权衡均值及富集系数
Table 3. Average value and enrichment coefficient of elements of coal No.6 in the study area
元素 wH/% wHW/% 中国煤均值/% CH CHW SiO2 4.48 4.06 8.47 0.53 0.48 Al2O3 9.30 8.47 5.98 1.56 1.42 Fe2O3 0.20 0.15 4.85 0.04 0.03 TiO2 0.55 0.46 0.33 1.66 1.41 K2O 0.07 0.13 0.19 0.34 0.68 Na2O 0.01 0.01 0.16 0.06 0.07 CaO 0.20 0.21 1.23 0.16 0.17 MgO 0.05 0.04 0.22 0.21 0.18 P2O5 0.04 0.05 0.09 0.49 0.57 注：w—权衡均值；C—富集系数；H—黑岱沟；HW—哈尔乌素。
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表 4 研究区6号煤夹矸样品的常量元素含量
Table 4. Major element composition of parting samples in coal No.6 in the study area
样品 煤中常量元素质量分数/% SiO2/Al2O3 SiO2 Al2O3 Fe2O3 TiO2 K2O Na2O CaO MgO P2O5 LOI Total H-02P 44.20 38.25 0.40 1.14 1.21 0.01 0.10 0.04 0.03 14.57 99.95 1.16 H-03P 44.29 38.45 0.24 1.51 0.06 0 0.08 0.01 0.03 15.15 99.82 1.15 H-04P 43.69 38.39 0.24 1.06 0.06 0.02 0.14 0.02 0.02 16.17 99.81 1.14 H-05P 42.82 39.71 0.53 0.42 0.06 0.07 0.11 0.03 0.03 15.96 99.74 1.08 H-07P 40.46 36.84 0.50 0.11 0.09 0.04 0.75 0.15 0.02 20.22 99.18 1.10 H-09P 23.28 46.12 0.43 1.29 0.77 0.03 0.12 0.12 0.10 27.54 99.80 0.50 H-11P 43.67 39.04 0.30 0.38 0.03 0.04 0.03 0.01 0.02 16.43 99.95 1.12 H-13P 37.73 44.91 0.24 0.31 0.01 0.02 0.03 0 0.01 16.67 99.93 0.84 H-16P 43.64 38.51 0.59 0.34 0.09 0.02 0.24 0 0.01 16.42 99.86 1.13 H-17P 38.09 32.66 5.87 0.34 0.04 0.02 0.09 0 0.01 22.51 99.63 1.17 H-19P 18.32 50.27 2.98 0.5 0.05 0.01 0.12 0.03 0 26.34 98.62 0.36 H-22P 43.55 39.09 0.38 0.32 0.06 0.03 0.04 0 0.01 16.46 99.94 1.11 H-26P 42.44 37.14 0.16 0.69 0.06 0.02 0.07 0 0.01 19.32 99.91 1.14 H-29P 44.12 39.24 0.23 0.23 0.07 0.01 0.05 0 0.01 16.00 99.96 1.12 HW-02P 43.49 35.13 0.24 1.35 0.09 0.05 0.08 0.02 0.02 19.38 99.85 1.24 HW-04P 40.02 34.84 0.89 0.57 0.22 0.04 0.09 0.07 0.02 23.13 99.89 1.15 HW-06P 44.34 38.7 0.32 0.90 0.03 0.04 0.05 0 0.01 15.53 99.92 1.15 HW-07P 44.41 36.28 0.39 1.33 0.14 0.07 0.07 0.02 0.02 17.14 99.87 1.22 HW-09P 42.31 39.62 0.53 0.44 0.08 0.13 0.05 0 0.05 16.67 99.88 1.07 HW-11P 37.43 31.55 0.47 0.29 0.14 0.06 0.08 0.02 0.01 29.90 99.95 1.19 HW-13P 44.37 39.31 0.23 0.26 0.03 0.08 0.04 0 0.01 15.63 99.96 1.13 HW-15P 24.96 50.63 0.50 1.32 0.37 0.08 0.08 0.07 0.03 21.36 99.40 0.49 HW-18P 43.61 38.68 0.17 0.43 0.03 0.03 0.09 0 0.01 16.88 99.93 1.13 HW-20P 44.00 38.97 0.19 0.26 0.11 0.03 0.07 0 0.01 16.16 99.80 1.13 HW-22P 40.90 39.27 0.24 0.38 0.02 0.03 0.23 0 0.02 18.63 99.72 1.04 HW-24P 36.03 34.03 4.99 0.23 0.01 0.03 4.61 0.02 0.01 17.45 97.41 1.06 HW-26P 36.77 45.16 0.26 0.42 0.06 0.02 0.08 0 0.01 16.84 99.62 0.81 HW-28P 9.41 61.79 0.17 0.83 0.10 0.01 0.11 0.04 0.03 26.87 99.36 0.15 HW-30P 41.92 37.24 0.41 0.18 0 0.03 0.14 0.02 0.01 19.44 99.39 1.13 HW-32P 43.84 39.18 0.34 0.27 0.25 0.03 0.08 0.03 0.01 15.91 99.94 1.12
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