Research on deep hole pre-splitting loosening blasting technology of hard roof cutting seam charge pack
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摘要: 以安徽淮南张集矿为背景，采用数值模拟和现场试验相结合的方法进行坚硬顶板松动爆破关键控制技术的研究。数值模拟了切缝药包深孔松动爆破效果，进行了普通药包爆破与切缝药包控制爆破现场对比试验。结果表明：所提出的基于切缝药包定向断裂的巨厚坚硬顶板超深孔松动预裂技术，可以扩大爆破裂纹定向扩展范围，解决超深孔松动预裂炮孔爆破底部眼间距过大的难题，从而实现对爆破破裂面及坚硬顶板的垮落位置的精准控制，以及人为调控周期来压步距，使坚硬顶板能够及时、安全垮落，实现工作面的连续安全开采。Abstract: This research studies the key control technology in the process of hard roof loosening blasting, with Zhangji Mine of Huainan, Anhui as the background of the field test, combined with numerical simulation.Numerical simulation of the deep hole loosening blasting of the slitting charge was carried out.The field comparison test of the ordinary charge control blasting and the slitting charge was conducted.The results show that the proposed combined technology of loosening pre-splitting of ultra-deep holes in the huge and hard roof and directional fracture of the slitting charge can increase the directional expansion range of blasting cracks and solve the problem of excessively large bottom hole spacing in ultra-deep hole loosening pre-splitting blasthole blasting and so as to achieve precise control of the blasting fracture surface and the collapse position of the hard roof; artificially regulate the interval of periodic weighting, so that the hard roof can collapse in time and safely, and the working face can mine continuously and safely.
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Key words:
- hard roof /
- loose blasting /
- numerical simulation /
- slotted cartridge
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图 2 普通药包与切缝药包模型示意图
Figure 2. Schematic diagram of common charge and slotted cartridge model
表 1 顶底板岩性特征及力学参数
Table 1. Rock formations and characteristics of roof and floor
顶底板 岩石名称 厚度/m 岩性特征 力学参数 抗压强度/MPa 弹性模量/GPa 泊松比 基本顶 中细砂岩 9.0 灰白色，中、细粒结构，水平状层理，中厚层状，坚硬，层面夹有泥质条带，含泥质包裹体、有机质膜，节理面发育，见黄铁矿，钙质胶结为主 65.6 22.37 0.194 粉砂岩 1.6 灰色-深灰色，块状，较硬，局部相变为泥质粉砂岩，见少量植物化石碎片，硅质胶结 63.3 16.76 0.236 中细砂岩 15.9 灰白色，中、细粒结构，水平状层理，层面大量暗色矿物及较多白云母碎片，含泥质包裹体、有机质膜，钙质胶结 100.5 19.72 0.139 直接底 泥岩 0.6 灰色-灰白色，粉粒结构，致密性硬 25.0 3.23 0.256 基本底 砂泥岩互层 4.8 灰色砂质泥岩与灰白色粉细砂岩互层，中厚层块状，较脆易碎 37.7 7.66 0.216 
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表 2 岩石材料物理力学参数
Table 2. Basic physico-mechanical parameters of sandstone
密度/(kg·m-3) 剪切模量/GPa 泊松比 A 压力硬化系数 体积应变率系数 压力硬化指数 2 900 15 0.23 0.79 1.6 0.007 0.61
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表 3 炸药材料物理力学参数
Table 3. Properties of explosive and JWL eauqtions
密度/(kg·m-3) 爆速/(m·s-1) pCJ/GPa 常数A/GPa 常数B/GPa 无量纲常数R1 无量纲常数R2 格林爱森参数 1 100 3 800 10.5 220 0.2 4.5 1.1 0.35
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表 4 普通深孔爆破参数
Table 4. Blasting parameters of deep hole
炮孔编号 炮孔长度/m 仰角/(°) 孔径/mm 装药长度/m 装药量/kg 封堵长度/m A1 79 12 75 53 174.9 26 A2 53 28 75 37 122.1 16 A3 31 31 75 21 69.3 10 A4 20 53 75 12 39.6 8 合计 183 — — 123 405.9 60
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表 5 切缝药包的爆破参数
Table 5. Blasting parameters of slotted cartridge
孔号 炮孔长度/m 角度/(°) 孔径/mm 药径/mm 装药长度/m 装药量/kg 封堵长度/m A1 78 16 75 63 57 188.1 22 A2 38 30 75 63 25 82.5 13 A3 20 53 75 63 12 39.6 8 合计 137 — — — 94 310.2 43
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表 6 工作面初次来压步距及影响时间
Table 6. First pressure step distance and influence time of working face
来压种类 来压支架 来压时间 持续时间/h 来压步距/m 平均来压步距/m 备注 初次来压 10号、20号 来压不明显 — 35.1 切眼5.0 m 30号 5月22日20：00 32 34.5 40号 5月22日19：00 — — 50号 5月22日18：00 31.5 — 60号 5月22日19：30 23 — 70号 5月22日20：00 14 — 90号 5月22日18：30 24.5 — 100号 5月22日18：00 22 35.7
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