Research on evolution characteristics of fault sliding displacement in slicing mining
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摘要: 本文结合义马煤田地质构造，以千秋矿21221工作面为工程背景，进行了采动影响下断层滑移失稳相似模拟实验研究，探究了煤层分层开采扰动对断层滑移失稳的影响特征规律。结果表明，煤层上分层开采时顶板已发生较大程度的松动及离层现象，下分层开采时，顶板岩层进一步发生垮落现象，下分层开采扰动引发上覆岩体垮落范围更大，使断层周围位移变化更强烈、上下盘错动更明显、煤岩体中积聚的应变能峰值更高；同时，断层滑移滞后于煤岩体中应变能的剧烈释放，应变能峰值"突降"现象可作为判断断层滑移失稳的前兆；煤层下分层开采较上分层开采时能量剧烈释放的时间更早，更易诱发冲击地压灾害的产生。Abstract: Based on the geological structure of Yima coalfield and working face 21221of Qianqiu Mine as the engineering background, this paper designs a similar simulation experiment of fault slip instability under the influence of mining, and explores the characteristics of the influence of coal slicing mining disturbance on fault slip instability law.The results show that because the upper layer of the coal seam has caused a large degree of loosening and separation of the roof, when the lower layer of the coal is mined, the original loose roof rock further collapses, so the lower layer of the coal is mined Disturbance triggers a larger collapse range of the overlying rock mass, which makes the displacement changes around the fault become more intense, and the phenomenon of upper and lower disk displacement is more obvious.The strain energy peak accumulated in the coal rock mass is larger; at the same time, the fault slip is relatively lagging behind the violent release of strain energy in the rock mass of the coal, so the"sudden drop"phenomenon of the peak strain energy can be used as a precursor to judge fault slip and instability; the violent release of energy in the lower layer mining is earlier than the upper layer mining, and it is easier to induce the occurrence of rock-burst disasters.
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Key words:
- slicing mining /
- fault slip /
- strain energy /
- precursor of instability
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图 1 义马矿区地质构造示意图
Figure 1. Schematic map of geological structures in the Yima mining area
图 2 千秋煤矿矿山工程图及F16逆冲断层几何特征
Figure 2. Mine engineering map of Qianqiu coal mine and geometric characteristics of F16 fault
图 5 上煤层开采时断层周围位移变化云图
Figure 5. Displacement cloud map around the fault during upper mining
图 6 下煤层开采时断层周围位移变化云图
Figure 6. Displacement cloud maps around faults during lower coal layer mining
图 7 上煤层工作面推进过程中顶板垮落变化
Figure 7. Roof collapse change during upper coal layer working face mining
图 8 下煤层工作面推进过程中顶板垮落变化
Figure 8. Roof collapse change during under coal layer working face mining
图 9 上分层开采时断层附近位移随工作面推进的变化规律
Figure 9. Variation of the displacement near the fault with the advancement of the working face during upper-slice mining
图 10 下分层开采时断层附近位移随工作面推进的变化规律
Figure 10. Variation law of the displacement near the fault along with the advancement of the working face during the lower-slice mining
图 11 分层开采过程中煤层顶板应变能密度变化规律
Figure 11. Variation law of strain energy density of coal roof during slicing mining
表 1 相似模型顶底板岩层力学参数
Table 1. Mechanical parameters of similar model roof and floor rocks
类别 岩性 厚度/m 容重/(kN·m-3) 抗压强度/MPa 基本顶 砾岩 1.24 40.3 0.56 直接顶 泥岩 0.2 32.39 0.37 煤层 2号煤 0.08 21.49 0.2 基本底 粉砂岩 0.08 38.81 0.37 
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表 2 F16断层力学参数
Table 2. Mechanical parameters of F16 fault
断层属性 走向/(°) 倾向 平均倾角/(°) 平均落差/m 逆断层 110 南偏西 60 5
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