Study on 3D modeling method and reinforcement scheme of large and complex open-pit mine
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摘要: 针对内蒙古长山壕露天金矿西南采场发生大规模倾倒失稳变形现状,本研究对西南采场工程地质条件、岩体结构类型以及变形破坏特征进行系统调查,详细介绍3DMine - FLAC3D大型复杂地质体高精度耦合建模方法及建模过程。在此基础上提出以恒阻大变形锚索为核心的边坡加固方案,并采用数值模拟方法与原支护方案进行对比研究。研究结果表明,西南采场地质结构复杂,断层节理发育,倾倒区岩体以抗弯强度较低的板岩、片岩为主,且支护结构采用小变形锚索,无法抵抗边坡大变形而导致倾倒失稳的发生;3DMine - FLAC3D耦合建模方法实现了复杂地质体的精确建模;采用恒阻大变形锚索加固方案能有效控制边坡失稳变形,取得较好的支护效果。Abstract: Large-scale topping deformation occurred in the southwest stope of Changshanhao Open-pit Gold Mine in Inner Mongolia.Through systematic investigation of the engineering geological conditions and rock mass structure types, the deformation characteristics and failure mechanism of the stope are studied in depth.Taking this project as an example, the 3DMine-FLAC3D large-scale complex geological body high-precision coupling modeling method and modeling process are introduced in detail.Based on this, a slope reinforcement scheme with constant resistance and large deformation anchor cable is proposed, and a numerical simulation method is used to make a comparative study with the original support scheme.The research results show that the geological structure of the southwest stope is complex.Faults and joints are developed.The rock mass in the toppling area is mainly slate and schist with low bending strength, and small deformation anchor cables are used in the supporting structure, which cannot resist large slope deformation.The combined effect of these factors leads to the occurrence of dumping instability.The reinforcement scheme to constant-resistance and large-deformation anchor cables can effectively control the slope deformation and a better support effect is obtained.
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表 1 西南采场FLAC3D三维数值模拟岩层参数
Table 1. Physical and mechanical parameters in the calculation model
材料 材料代号 密度/(kg·m-3) 体积模量/GPa 剪切模量/GPa c/kPa φ/(°) 第四系 Q 2 000 1.02 0.87 15 20 风化层 FH 2 560 1.15 0.95 59 22 花岗岩体 r 2 600 6.25 4.30 247 44 红柱石片岩 B4 2 840 3.21 2.63 78.1 31 黑色石英岩 B3-3 2 282 3.01 2.17 74.5 30 红柱石片岩 B3-2 2 840 2.71 1.36 67.6 31 变细砂岩 B3-1 2 750 4.13 3.36 63.2 33 二云石英片岩 B2-2 2 845 2.77 1.64 63 29 红柱石片岩 B2-1 2 842 3.44 2.78 74 34 变细砂岩 B1 2 748 4.50 3.79 63 35 灰岩 h3 2 830 5.15 5.15 210 41 风化破碎带 F 2 260 0.915 8.95 15 27 -
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