Research on occupational health damage assessment model of coal-fired power generation during the life cycle
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摘要: 煤电行业在推动我国国民经济和社会发展的同时也会造成环境污染,从而威胁着从业人员和附近居民的身体健康。为定量评估燃煤发电生命周期各职业健康损害因素的影响程度,本文依据LCA理论构建了燃煤发电生命周期职业损害评价体系。首先结合煤电行业的实际情况对燃煤发电生命周期各环节进行划分;然后识别各环节存在的职业健康损害因素、分析其过程清单;最后通过特征化与货币化分析,实现燃煤发电生命周期的职业健康损害的量化评价。该评价体系应用结果表明,燃煤发电生命周期中煤炭燃烧环节以及各职业健康损害因素中SO2对人体造成的健康损害最为严重。评价结果可为煤电行业的健康管理与决策提供依据。Abstract: The coal power industry, while promoting the national economic and social development of China, also causes environmental pollution, thus threatening the health of employees and nearby residents.In order to evaluate the impact of occupational health damage factors in the life cycle of coal-fired power generation, an occupational health damage assessment system for coal-fired power generation is constructed based on LCA theory.Firstly, according to the actual situation of coal-fired power industry, this paper divides the life cycle of coal-fired power generation into different stages, then identifies the occupational health damage factors existing in each stage and carries out the process inventory analysis.Finally, through the characteristic and monetization analysis, a quantitative evaluation of occupational health damage in the life cycle of coal-fired power generation is achieved.The empirical analysis shows that among all the occupational health damage factors in the life cycle of coal-fired power generation and SO2 causes the most serious health damage to human body.The evaluation results can provide a basis for health management and decision-making in coal-fired power industry.
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表 1 不同类型职业健康损害的持续时间和伤残权重
Table 1. Average duration and disability weight of occupational health damage
职业健康损害类型 持续时间/a 伤残权重 尘肺病 15 0.26 慢性阻塞性肺疾病 20 0.15 脑血管疾病 25 0.04 登革热 0.06 — 心血管疾病 25 0.04 血吸虫病 0.08 — 急性呼吸道感染 0.004 0.03 疟疾 0.01 — 肺心病 25 0.24 表 2 燃煤发电生命周期各环节健康损害评估结果汇总
Table 2. Summary of health damage assessment results for each segment of the coal-fired power generation life cycle
阶段划分 健康损害类型 总计/元 全球变暖 呼吸系统 循环系统 煤炭开采 2.186×104 6.047×106 1.075×106 7.144×106 煤炭运输 3.178×103 4.117×105 6.246×105 1.039×106 煤炭燃烧 6.926×105 1.963×107 7.275×106 2.760×107 灰渣处理 3.664×102 9.722×104 1.136×105 2.112×105 总计/元 7.180×105 2.619×107 9.088×106 3.599×107 表 3 燃煤发电生命周期健康损害因素汇总
Table 3. Summary of occupational health damage factors
损害因素 健康损害类型 总计/元 全球变暖 呼吸系统 循环系统 温室气体 7.180×105 — — 7.180×105 PM10 — 2.345×106 1.962×106 4.307×106 NO2 — 1.015×106 6.420×106 7.434×106 SO2 — 2.282×107 7.068×105 2.352×107 总计/元 7.180×105 2.619×107 9.088×106 3.599×107 -
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