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燃煤发电生命周期职业健康损害评价研究

王伟 姚健庭 尘兴邦 佟瑞鹏

王伟, 姚健庭, 尘兴邦, 佟瑞鹏. 燃煤发电生命周期职业健康损害评价研究[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2021, 6(3): 333-341. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.010
引用本文: 王伟, 姚健庭, 尘兴邦, 佟瑞鹏. 燃煤发电生命周期职业健康损害评价研究[J]. 矿业科学学报, 2021, 6(3): 333-341. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.010
Wang Wei, Yao Jianting, Chen Xingbang, Tong Ruipeng. Research on occupational health damage assessment model of coal-fired power generation during the life cycle[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 6(3): 333-341. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.010
Citation: Wang Wei, Yao Jianting, Chen Xingbang, Tong Ruipeng. Research on occupational health damage assessment model of coal-fired power generation during the life cycle[J]. Journal of Mining Science and Technology, 2021, 6(3): 333-341. doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.010

燃煤发电生命周期职业健康损害评价研究

doi: 10.19606/j.cnki.jmst.2021.03.010
基金项目: 

国家自然科学基金 52074302

北京市自然科学基金 8212015

详细信息
    作者简介:

    王伟(1995—),男,四川巴中人,硕士研究生,主要从事职业健康风险评估的研究工作。Tel: 18811191895,E-mail: bwe575@163.com

    通讯作者:

    佟瑞鹏(1977—),男,黑龙江穆棱人,教授,博士生导师,主要从事行为安全管理、职业心理健康、环境风险评估等方面的研究工作。Tel: 13718431777,E-mail: tongrp@cumtb.edu.cn

  • 中图分类号: X913

Research on occupational health damage assessment model of coal-fired power generation during the life cycle

  • 摘要: 煤电行业在推动我国国民经济和社会发展的同时也会造成环境污染,从而威胁着从业人员和附近居民的身体健康。为定量评估燃煤发电生命周期各职业健康损害因素的影响程度,本文依据LCA理论构建了燃煤发电生命周期职业损害评价体系。首先结合煤电行业的实际情况对燃煤发电生命周期各环节进行划分;然后识别各环节存在的职业健康损害因素、分析其过程清单;最后通过特征化与货币化分析,实现燃煤发电生命周期的职业健康损害的量化评价。该评价体系应用结果表明,燃煤发电生命周期中煤炭燃烧环节以及各职业健康损害因素中SO2对人体造成的健康损害最为严重。评价结果可为煤电行业的健康管理与决策提供依据。
  • 图  1  生命周期评价的流程框架

    Figure  1.  Framework of life cycle assessment

    图  2  燃煤发电生命周期各环节职业健康损害所占比例

    Figure  2.  Proportion of health damage in each part of the life cycle of coal-fired power generation

    图  3  燃煤发电生命周期各污染物的职业健康损害所占比例

    Figure  3.  Proportion of health damage caused by each pollutant in the life cycle of coal-fired power generation

    图  4  煤炭开采环节职业健康损害的社会支付意愿

    Figure  4.  Amount the society willing to pay for occupational health damage in coal mining

    图  5  煤炭运输环节职业健康损害的社会支付意愿

    Figure  5.  Amount the society willing to pay for occup ational health damage in coal transportation

    图  6  煤炭燃烧环节职业健康损害的社会支付意愿

    Figure  6.  Amount the society willing to pay for occup ational health damage in coal combustion

    图  7  灰渣处理环节职业健康损害的社会支付意愿

    Figure  7.  Amount the society willings to pay for occu pational health damage in slag disposal

    表  1  不同类型职业健康损害的持续时间和伤残权重

    Table  1.   Average duration and disability weight of occupational health damage

    职业健康损害类型持续时间/a伤残权重
    尘肺病150.26
    慢性阻塞性肺疾病200.15
    脑血管疾病250.04
    登革热0.06
    心血管疾病250.04
    血吸虫病0.08
    急性呼吸道感染0.0040.03
    疟疾0.01
    肺心病250.24
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  2  燃煤发电生命周期各环节健康损害评估结果汇总

    Table  2.   Summary of health damage assessment results for each segment of the coal-fired power generation life cycle

    阶段划分健康损害类型总计/元
    全球变暖呼吸系统循环系统
    煤炭开采2.186×1046.047×1061.075×1067.144×106
    煤炭运输3.178×1034.117×1056.246×1051.039×106
    煤炭燃烧6.926×1051.963×1077.275×1062.760×107
    灰渣处理3.664×1029.722×1041.136×1052.112×105
    总计/元7.180×1052.619×1079.088×1063.599×107
    下载: 导出CSV

    表  3  燃煤发电生命周期健康损害因素汇总

    Table  3.   Summary of occupational health damage factors

    损害因素健康损害类型总计/元
    全球变暖呼吸系统循环系统
    温室气体7.180×1057.180×105
    PM102.345×1061.962×1064.307×106
    NO21.015×1066.420×1067.434×106
    SO22.282×1077.068×1052.352×107
    总计/元7.180×1052.619×1079.088×1063.599×107
    下载: 导出CSV
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  • 收稿日期:  2020-12-20
  • 修回日期:  2021-03-12
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