Key technologies and prospect for in-situ gasification mining of deep coal resources
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摘要: 我国深部煤炭资源储量丰富。煤炭地下气化可将其转化为燃气输出到地面,是深部煤炭原位流态化开采的重要途径。本文介绍了煤炭地下气化技术(UCG)的发展历程、技术现状以及中深部煤炭地下气化典型案例,基于现代煤炭地下气化技术体系剖析了深部煤炭地下气化的关键技术及技术攻关方向,展望了以天然气生产为目标的深部煤炭气化开采前景。UCG的发展呈现由矿井式向钻井式、由浅部煤层向深部煤层、由单一发电向综合利用的趋势;中深部煤炭地下气化的实践验证了深部煤炭地下气化的技术可行性。深部煤炭地下气化的关键技术主要包括地质评价和科学选址、气化炉构建技术、深部煤层高压点火技术、可控移动注入技术和深部火区地球物理探测技术。深部煤炭气化开采生产天然气,不仅可实现深部煤炭资源的清洁高效利用,还有望解决天然气消费的供需矛盾。Abstract: China has rich reserves of deep coal resources, and underground coal gasification can transform coal into gas and transport it to the ground, which is an important way for in-situ fluidized mining of deep coal.This article introduces the development history and technical status of underground coal gasification technology (UCG), as well as typical cases of underground coal gasification in the middle and deep parts.Based on the modern underground coal gasification technology system, the key technologies and technical research directions of deep underground coal gasification was analyzed and the prospect of deep coal gasification mining with the goal of natural gas production was outlooked.The development trend of UCG is from the mine type to the drilling type, from shallow coal seams to deep coal seams, from single power generation to comprehensive utilization.The practice of UCG in the middle and deep coal seams has verified the technical feasibility.The key technologies of deep underground coal gasification mainly include geological evaluation and scientific site selection, gasifier construction, deep coal seam high-pressure ignition, controllable mobile injection and deep fire zone geophysical detection.Deep coal gasification to produce natural gas can not only realize the clean and efficient use of deep coal resources, but also solve the contradiction between supply and demand caused by the increase in natural gas consumption.
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图 5 钻井式煤炭地下气化可行性评价模型[16]
Figure 5. Hierarchical model for the feasibility evaluation of UCG
图 6 以人造裂隙为气化通道的连通直井气化炉[8]
Figure 6. Configuration of UCG unit by linked vertical boreholes
图 7 两种典型的CRIP气化炉构型示意图[11]
Figure 7. Configuration for L-CRIP and P-CRIP UCG gasifiers
图 8 “斜梯形”地下气化建炉设计方案示意图[11]
Figure 8. Configuration of the "inclined ladder shape" UCG gasifier
图 9 车载移动式点火装置[18]
1—防喷管;2—点火器;3—电缆注入头;4—收放式井架;5—点火电缆;6—电缆绞车
Figure 9. Schematic diagram of the vehicle mobile ignition device
图 10 可控移动注入技术主要部件[20]
Figure 10. Sketch of the controlled mobile injection technology
图 11 分离控制后退注气点-水雾化气化状态[21]
Figure 11. Gasification state of discrete control injection with atomizing water
表 1 典型中深层UCG现场试验数据[10]
Table 1. Experimental results of typical UCG tests
国家 项目 埋深/m 气化剂 压力/MPa 主要组分/% 热值/
(MJ·m-3)CH4 H2 CO CO2 比利时 Thulin 860 纯氧/水 5.0 26.3 6.5 0.9 46.7 10.3 西班牙 El Tremedal 560 纯氧 5.3 12.4 24.7 15.6 39.4 10.9 加拿大 Swan Hills 1 400 纯氧/水 12.0 37.0 15.0 5.0 41.0 16.0 -
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