摘要:
基于2013—2017年北京市美国大使馆监测点PM2.5 质量浓度数据,分析了北京市近5年 来PM2.5 质量浓度的变化特征及其与NO2 和SO2 的关系,重点讨论了2017年秋冬季针对控制散 煤燃烧排放实施的以“煤改气”“煤改电”及“错峰生产”等为主的大气污染综合治理攻坚行动后 北京市PM2.5 变化。 结果表明,北京市PM2.5 质量浓度年均值自2013年起呈现逐年降低的趋势, 2017年的年均值较2013年降幅达到50% 。 2013—2016 年间,不同季节PM2.5 质量浓度表现为 冬季>秋季>春季>夏季的规律。 2017 年攻坚行动实施后,冬季PM2.5 质量浓度明显低于秋季和 春季,接近于夏季水平;冬季大气SO2 和NO2 的质量浓度相对于往年亦有大幅度降低,其中SO2 的质量浓度降幅更为明显,表明散煤燃烧排放得到较明显的控制。 PM2.5 质量浓度与SO2 均存在 显著的正相关性,表明“煤改气”“煤改电”等禁止散煤燃烧政策对降低PM2.5 具有明显效果。
Abstract:
BasedonthedataofthePM2.5massconcentrationsfromthemonitoringpointattheUSembassyinBeijingfrom2013to2017,thecharacteristicsofPM2.5 massconcentrationanditscorrelation withthe mass concentrations of NO2 and SO2 in Beijing in the past five years are analyzed.The emphasisisfocusedonthevariationcharacteristicsofPM2.5aftertheactiononcomprehensivecontrolof airpollutionimplementedintheautumnandwinterof2017,whichisaimedattheemissionreduction frombanningofuncontrolledcoalcombustion.TheresultsshowthattheannualaverageofPM2.5 mass
concentrationin Beijing has decreased yearly since 2013,and the decreasing range of the annual averagein2017hasreached50%.AnalysisofdataindifferentseasonsshowsthatthePM2.5massconcentrationinwinteristhehighest,followedbyautumn,spring,summerindescendingorderin2013to 2016.However,aftertheactiononcomprehensivecontrolofairpollution,itisnoticedthatthemass concentrationofPM2.5inwinter2017waslowerthanthatinautumnandspring,approachingthelevel ofsummer.Inaddition,comparedwiththepastyears,themassconcentrationsofNO2andSO2intheair alsodecreasedsignificantlyinwinter2017,inwhichthedecreaseofSO2massconcentrationismoreobvious.Theseresultsshowthattheemissionfromburningcoalshasbeeneffectivelycontrolledafterthe actiononcomprehensivecontrolofairpollution.Finally,thecorrelationanalysisshowsthatthemass concentrationsofPM2.5hasasignificantpositivecorrelationwiththoseofSO2,indicatingthatcountermeasuresforthebanningofuncontrolledcoalcombustionsuchas“coalsreplacedbygas”and“coals replacedbyelectricity”haveanobviouseffectonreducingthePM2.5emission.
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