Abstract: The structural deformation caused by CO₂ adsorption has a significant effect on the stability of coal seam. The authors studied the effect of CO₂ adsorption time on the mechanical properties of coal and analyzed the variation of mechanical parameters of coal with adsorption time by using the gas-solid coupling test system and the MTS mechanical test system. By using the industrial CT scanning system and 3D reconstruction technology, the authors built a coal crack structure model to clarify the influence of CO₂ adsorption time on the crack structure. Through data interaction with the COMSOL simulation software, the authors carried out the fluid dynamics simulation of CO₂ in coal to discuss the influence of CO₂ adsorption on the crack propagation law of coal. The results show that: ① The stress-strain curves of coal under different CO₂ adsorption time can be divided into three stages, with each stage significantly influenced by the adsorption time. Both the peak strength and elastic modulus exhibit a decreasing trend as the adsorption time increases, with a maximum reduction up to 29.82%. The degree of deterioration increases correspondingly but shows a time-dependent characteristic. Between 5 and 7 days, the change in the deterioration effect is only about 0.5%, indicating a stabilization trend over time. ② The CT scan results show that the cracks in coal propagate from the outside to the inside, and this trend is influenced by the CO₂ adsorption time, exhibiting a pattern of initially rapid change followed by slower change. At 7 days, the cracking rate and coalescence rate of coal reach 14.03% and 1.59, respectively, indicating that CO₂ has a certain damaging effect on the coal structure. ③ The authors carried out migration modeling for CO₂ on the representative volume element (REV) of coal. The results show CO₂ migrates in coal from the outside to the inside, and there is a stress concentration area between the crack and the matrix, which causes the crack to propagate, resulting in loosened coal structure and reduced load resistance.