Abstract: The highly-efficient treatment of coal mine water with low energy consumption contributes to much safer and more efficient coal mining. At present, mine water processing at underground is still limited for its small treatment water yield, large land coverage and high operation cost in ground treatment, high drainage costs when mine water is discharged into the surface water system. In this light, this study puts forward the "deep ground-underground-surface ground" linkage system for mine water treatment and utilization. The treated mine water is partially used for mining production and residential usage, while the rest is subject to deep reinjection or drainage. This paper first introduces the operational mechanism behind this system, and then evaluates its validity in terms of water quality, water quantity, hydrogeology, underground structure, and feasibility of recharge engineering. This study then reviews existing mine water treatment methods for varying water qualities and the "underground-surface" joint treatment system; Also, a summary is drawn regarding the selection of aquifer for reinjection purposes, reinjection construction operations, reinjection tests, simulation of reinjection water quality, and analysis of reinjection safety.